SAT Math : Solution Sets

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #181 : Equations / Inequalities

Give the solution set of the inequality

Possible Answers:

The set of all real numbers

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Solve a quadratic inequality by first putting it in the standard form  (or similar); this is done by subtracting  from both sides:

Factor the quadratic trinomial on the left:

We are looking for two integers whose product is 32 and whose sum is . Through a little trial and error, we find  and , so

,

making the inequality 

The boundary points of the solution set are the points at which either factor is equal to 0:

, in which case , and

, in which case .

These points divide the real numbers into three intervals: 

We can choose one test point from each interval to determine the truth of each statement on the interval:

: choose  

True: include 

 

: choose 

False: exclude .

 

: choose 

True: include 

 

The boundaries are also included, since the inequality allows for inclusion ("greater than or equal to"). The solution set is .

Example Question #22 : Solution Sets

Give the solution set of the inequality

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The boundary points of a rational inequality are those values of the variable for which the numerator or the denominator are equal to 0:

If numerator

, then

.

Since equality is permitted in the statement (  ), include this value of .

If denominator 

,

then 

Since this value makes the denominator 0, exclude it, regardless of the inequality symbol.

There are three intervals which must be tested for inclusion or exclusion:

Test one value on each interval in the original inequality for truth or falsity in order to determine which intervals should be included:

: Set 

False; exclude .

 

: Set 

True; include 

 

: Set 

False; exclude 

 

Since  is excluded as a solution and 4 is included, the correct solution set is the interval .

Example Question #182 : Equations / Inequalities

Give the solution set of the inequality

Possible Answers:

The inequality has no solution.

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Solve a quadratic inequality by first putting it in the standard form  (or similar); this is done by first applying the FOIL method to the product of the binomials on the right:

Subtract 21 from both sides:

The  method can be used to factor the trinomial; we are looking for two integers whose product is  and whose sum is ; by trial and error, we find that the numbers are 7 and . The trinomial can be rewritten:

Factoring by grouping:

The boundary points of the solution set are the points at which either factor is equal to 0:

and 

These points divide the real numbers into three intervals: 

Test one value on each interval in the original inequality for truth or falsity in order to determine which intervals should be included:

: Set 

True: include .

 

: Set 

False: exclude 

 

: Set 

True: include .

 

The boundaries are also included, since the inequality allows for inclusion ("greater than or equal to"). The solution set is .

Example Question #24 : Solution Sets

Give the solution set of the inequality

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Get all expressions in the rational inequality over to the same side by adding 4 to both sides:

Rewrite the expression on the left as a single rational expression, as follows:

The boundary points of a rational inequality are those values of the variable for which the numerator or the denominator are equal to 0:

If numerator

then

Since equality is permitted in the statement (  ), include this value of .

If denominator 

then

.

Since this value makes the denominator 0, exclude it, regardless of the inequality symbol.

There are three intervals which must be tested for inclusion or exclusion:

Test one value on each interval in the original inequality for truth or falsity in order to determine which intervals should be included:

: Set 

True; include 

 

: Set 

False: exclude 

 

: Set 

True: include .

 

Since  is excluded as a solution and  is included, the correct solution set is 

Example Question #191 : Equations / Inequalities

Give the solution set of the inequality

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

In an absolute value inequality, the absolute value expression must be isolated on one side first. We can do this by subtracting 21 from both sides:

This can be rewritten as the three-part inequality

Subtract 14 from all three expressions:

Divide all three expressions by , reversing the inequality symbols since you are dividing by a negative number:

In interval notation, this is .

Example Question #21 : Solution Sets

Give the solution set of the inequality

Possible Answers:

The inequality has no solution.

Correct answer:

Explanation:

In an absolute value inequality, the absolute value expression must be isolated on one side first. We can di this by first subtracting 42 from both sides:

Divide by , reversing the direction of the inequality symbol since we are dividing by a negative number:

This inequality can be rewritten as the compound inequality

 or 

Solve each simple inequality separately. 

Subtract 19 from both sides:

Divide by , remembering to reverse the symbol:

In interval notation, this is .

Carry out the same steps on the other simple inequality:

In interval notation, this is .

Since the two simple inequalities are connected by an "or", their individual solution sets are connected by a union; the solution set is

.

Example Question #191 : Algebra

Below is a table of earnings from playing blackjack.

 

Find the equation of depreciation. 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

In general, an equation of depreciation looks like the following.

, where  is the starting amount,  is the common ratio, and  is time.

For us , and .

 

Example Question #21 : Solution Sets

Screen shot 2016 02 18 at 3.27.37 pm

The above displays a scatterplot, where the red line is the line of best fit. The line of best fit equation is . What point on the scatterplot is the furthest from the line of best fit?

Possible Answers:

 

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To answer this question, we should create a table of values and compare. For calculating the difference between the y value and the y value of the line of best, take the absolute value since it won't make since if it is negative.

From our table of values, we can see that the point furthest from the line of best fit is .

Example Question #22 : Solution Sets

Find the solutions to 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

First step is to set it equal to zero

Now factor out an 

Set up the equations, and solve for .

 

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