SAT Math : Percentage

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1998 : Psat Mathematics

The cost of a load of laundry is reduced by 35\%. The cost is then reduced 2 weeks later by another 25\%. What is the overall reduction?

Possible Answers:

55\%

60\%

44\%

65\%

51\%

Correct answer:

51\%

Explanation:

The original reduction brings the total to 65\% of the original value. Taking a 25\% discount off that price gives 48.75\% of the original value. This means the reduction had been 51\%.

Example Question #3 : Percent Of Change

The cost of a shirt in January is  dollars. In February, the cost is decreased by 10%. In March, the cost is decreased by another 10%. By what percentage did the shirt decrease in total between January and March?

Possible Answers:

We must know the original cost to find the answer

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The best way to answer this question is to plug in a number for n. Since you are working with percentages, it may be easiest to use 100 for n.

We know that in the month of February, the cost of this shirt was decreased by 10%. Because 10% of 100 is $10, the new cost of the shirt is $90.

In March, the cost of the shirt decreased another 10%. 10% of 90 is 9, so the cost of the shirt is now $81.

To find the total percentage decrease, you must divide 81 by 100 and subtract it from 1.

1 – (81/100) = 1 – 0.81 = 0.19

The total decrease was 19%.

Example Question #1 : How To Find The Percent Of Decrease

The cost of a hat increases by 15% and then decreases by 35%. After the two price changes, the new price of the hat is what percent of the original?

Possible Answers:

80%

74.75%

88.91%

75%

85.3%

Correct answer:

74.75%

Explanation:

The easiest way to do percentage changes is to keep them all in one equation. Therefore, we would say that an increase of 15% is the same as multiplying the original value by 1.15. Likewise, we would say that a discount by 35% is the same as multiplying the original by .65.

For our problem, let the hat cost X dollars originally. Therefore, after its increase, it costs 1.15X dollars. Now, we can consider this new price as the whole to which the discount will be applied. Therefore, a 35% reduction is (1.15X) * 0.65.

Simplifying, we get 0.7475, or 74.75%.

Example Question #92 : Percentage

A dress is reduced in price by 35\%, but it still doesn't sell, so the manager discounts it by another 10\%. What is the total percentage discount?

Possible Answers:

None of the other answer choices are correct.

38.5\%

45\%

41.5\%

31.5\%

Correct answer:

41.5\%

Explanation:

For these type of questions, it is always best to pretend that we are beginning with a $100 item and to calculate from there.

100\times(1-0.35)=100\times0.65=65

65\times(1-0.1)=65\times 0.9=58.5

If an item that is $100 is discounted by 35%, and then another 10%, the new price is 58.5%.

100-58.5=41.5

The price difference (discount) is $41.5 for every $100, or:

\frac{41.5}{100}=0.415=41.5\%

The total discount is 41.5%.

 

Example Question #18 : Percent Of Change

In his most recent film, it was estimated that Joaquin Phoenix was paid  of the  budget.  In his next roll, he is expected to make  less.  How much money should Joaquin expect to make for his next film?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

First, we find how much Mr. Phoenix made in his most recent movie

Then, we decrease this by fifteen percent according the to the formula:

Example Question #1 : How To Find Percentage

An organic farmer has had a stall at the market for three years.  The first year she sold 500 pounds of tomatoes.  The second year she sold 650 pounds of tomatoes.  The third year she sold 750 pounds of tomatoes.  What is the percentage increase in sales from year 1 to 2 and year 2 to 3? Round to one decimal point.

Possible Answers:

30.0% / 15.4%

20.0% / 15.4%

20.0% / 23.1%

50.0% / 20%

30.0% / 20.0%

Correct answer:

30.0% / 15.4%

Explanation:

Year 2 Percentage increase =

(Year 2 – Year 1) / Year 1 =

(650 – 500) / 500 = 150 / 500 = .3 = 30.0%

Year 3 Percentage increase =

(Year 3 – Year 2) / Year 2 =

(750 – 650) / 650 = 100 / 650 = .154 = 15.4%

Example Question #1 : Other Percentage

If there are 36 students in a class and the teacher wants the top 25% of the students to move up to the advanced level course. How many students will remain in the class?

Possible Answers:

27

26

28

30

29

Correct answer:

27

Explanation:

The key here is to find 25% of the total class (36), and subtract that value from the total (36). You can also look at the problem from reversely and find how many students are in the remaining 75% of the total 36. Remember to change the percent to a decimal for easy calculation. 36- 0.25(36)= 27 or 0.75(36)=27

  

Example Question #3 : How To Find Percentage

What percent of 240 is 12?

Possible Answers:

5%

12%

10%

7.5%

25%

Correct answer:

5%

Explanation:

"Is" means an equal sign and "of" means multiplication.

0.01z * 240 = 12 and solving for z = 0.05 or 5%

Example Question #1 : Other Percentage

A person sleeps six hours each day.  Monday through Friday, he spends 75% of his waking day in work-related activities (commuting, working, etc).  Monday through Sunday, he spends 10% of his waking hours attending to vital needs (cleaning, eating, etc).  If this person does not work on Saturday or Sunday, how much free time (to the closest minute) does he have every week?

Possible Answers:

45 hours, 54 minutes

65 hours, 2 minutes

42 hours, 41 minutes

41 hours, 42 minutes

54 hours, 54 minutes

Correct answer:

45 hours, 54 minutes

Explanation:

 

Let's consider our data in a summary fashion:

The day begins with 24 hours.  After sleeping 6 of those, the person has 18 remaining hours.  Of those, 10% are given to vital tasks every day.  That means that he uses 18 * 0.1 or 1.8 hours each day for these tasks.  Therefore, he has 16.2 hours remaining.  This will be free time on Saturday and Sunday.

During the week, however, he uses 75% of his waking time in work activities.  This means that he spends 18 * 0.75 or 13.5 hours.  He therefore has 16.2 - 13.5 or 2.7 hours.

Now, to figure out the total amount for the week, he has 16.2 for the two weekend days and 2.7 for the five week days, or: 16.2 * 2 + 2.7 * 5 = 32.4 + 13.5 = 45.9hours.  This is equal to 45 hours and 0.9 * 60, or 54, minutes.

Example Question #5 : How To Find Percentage

A bag contains three types of marbles: red, green, and yellow. 75% of the marbles are green or yellow. Which of the following values is valid in this case?

Possible Answers:

15 Yellow, 32 Green, 10 Red

3 Yellow, 1 Green, 4 Red

None of the other answers

13 Yellow, 32 Green, 15 Red

12 Yellow, 32 Green, 2 Red

Correct answer:

13 Yellow, 32 Green, 15 Red

Explanation:

We have to consider each case:

15 Yellow, 32 Green, 10 Red

Total: 15 + 32 + 10 = 57; Yellow and Green: 15 + 32 = 47.

Percentage that are Yellow and Green = 47/57, or approximately 82.47%

12 Yellow, 32 Green, 2 Red

Total: 12 + 32 + 2 = 46; Yellow and Green: 12 + 32 = 44.  

Percentage that are Yellow and Green = 44/46 or approximately 95.65%

3 Yellow, 1 Green, 4 Red

Total: 3 + 1 + 4 = 8; Yellow and Green: 3 + 1 = 4.  Percentage that are Yellow and Green = 4/8 or 50%.

13 Yellow, 32 Green, 15 Red

Total: 13 + 32 + 15 = 60; Yellow and Green: 13 + 32 = 45  

Percentage that are Yellow and Green = 45 / 60 or 75%. This is the answer.

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