On June 19th, 1953, two American citizens, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, were executed for conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war.

On August 18th, 1919, the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified which granted women the right to vote. The Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor.

It was Roe v. Wade that legalized abortion in the U.S. for pregnancies in the first trimester.

The Twenty-Second Amendment was passed in 1951 in response to the four-term Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. It finally codified into law the precedent established by George Washington that no President could serve more than two terms. Roosevelt was the only President to exceed this limit before it became law. The right to vote for eighteen-year-olds came about in the Twenty-Sixth Amendment, women’s suffrage was the Nineteenth, prohibition, the Eighteenth, and congressional pay, the Twenty-Seventh.

The Supreme Court case Korematsu v. United States established that the Fourteenth Amendment does not need to be applied when national security can be shown to be at risk. During World War Two the United States government ordered the forced internment of all Japanese Americans, regardless of citizenship. Korematsu was a Japanese American who was convicted of evading internment and took his case to the Supreme Court, believing that forced internment was in violation of his Fourteenth Amendment rights. By a 6–3 majority the Supreme Court ruled that Korematsu’s individual rights were less important than the need to protect against Japanese espionage during the war.  

Richard Nixon, entangled in the Watergate Scandal that eventually ended his presidency, spoke the famous lines "I am not a crook."

In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court decided in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson that racial segregation was constitutional. This decision permitted the Jim Crow laws in the American South until the Brown v. Board of Education decision, in 1954.

All the Presidents listed among the answer choices rose from being Vice President to the Presidency. Only George H.W. Bush did not succeed after the death or resignation of the President he served under, but outright won a Presidential election (1988) as a sitting Vice President. Roosevelt, Truman, and Johnson all eventually won a term on their own after succeeding upon the death of the Presidents they served under.  Only Ford, who succeeded Richard Nixon upon his resignation in 1974, did not win an election for the Presidency.

The Teapot Dome scandal was the defining element of the short administration of Warren G. Harding. Harding died in office on August 2, 1923, in the midst of the scandal. Oil companies had been discovered to have bribed Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall, in order to receive permission to drill on government-held oil reserves. Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana led Senate hearings, which damaged Harding's posthumous reputation. Fall eventually wound up being sentenced to a year in jail for the bribes in the 1930s.

In Article II, Section I, Clause 6, The U.S. Constitution only provided ambiguous statements about the Vice President becoming "Acting President" upon the death, resignation, or incapacity of the President. Until the adoption of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, during Lyndon Johnson's term of office, no official protocols were in place to allow the Vice President to succeed the President. Despite this, seven Vice Presidents had succeeded the office upon the death of a President. The Twenty-Fifth Amendment codified this precedent into law.