The man represented in the cartoon is William M. "Boss" Tweed of New York City's Tammany Hall, a 19th century Democratic Party political machine that dominated New York City and New York State politics and industry.

The Progressive movement in America was first developed during the Gilded Age, largely as a response to the overindulgence and corruption in society and politics during the last decades of the nineteenth century. The Progressive's sought to enact many sweeping reforms, including political reforms like the direct election of Senators (enacted in the Seventeenth Amendment), women's suffrage (the Nineteenth Amendment), and municipal reform at the local level. Progressives were also supporters of trust busting, breaking up big corporations, particularly the banks and railroads, while also advocating the elimination of the gold standard and the implementation of an income tax. Many progressive reforms were enacted by Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.

The Presidential Election of 1800, also called The Revolution of 1800, was important for a number of reasons. The only true answer choice here though is that it represented a shift from the Federalist Party to the Democratic - Republican Party. It was the beginning of the end for the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republicans would hold power for several years to come. The election was also notable for exposing one of the flaws of the original Constitution; Because Electors were instructed to cast their vote for two separate candidates the result was both Jefferson and Burr gaining the exact same number of votes. It took thirty-six polls before Jefferson was finally elected President, and Burr Vice-President. Following this election the Twelfth Amendment was passed to instruct electors to make a clear distinction between their choice for President and for Vice-President.

While Abraham Lincoln ran as the Republican candidate in 1860, he was leading a new coalition devoted to anti-slavery principles.  The Republican Party was formed by Free Soil Democrats, Union Democrats, and Northern Whigs, including Lincoln.

South Carolina was the first state to vote to secede from the Union, and the first state to actually secede.  It was re-admitted to the United States on June 25th, 1868.

Following the end of the Civil War, and the issuing of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, African-Americans were now free to vote and hold office. The first African-American to be elected was John Willis Menard. He was elected to the House of Representatives from the state of Louisiana in 1868. His election caused a great deal of outrage, but he did become the first black man to address Congress in 1869. The first African-American woman to be elected to the United States Congress was Shirley Chisholm, who was elected a whole century later, in 1968.

While all five answer choices are states that eventually seceded from the union and joined the Confederacy, South Carolina moved first, holding their Secession Convention in December of 1860.  In order, the states that seceded from the Union were  South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee.

The Battle of New Orleans was fought between British forces and the Americans, led by Andrew Jackson. The Americans achieved a decisive victory that elicited a positive response of patriotic feeling and propelled Andrew Jackson to the status of a war hero. Unfortunately for posterity’s sake, the Battle occurred five days after the War of 1812 had officially ended; however, in that time, when news travelled reasonably slowly, the announcement of victory in New Orleans and the announcement of a signed peace occurred almost simultaneously. This gave the impression to many Americans that Jackson and his troops had ended the war and achieved American victory.

In the 1840s and 1850s, a large westward migration happened across the North American continent. Settlers moved into the Great Plains for its farmlands beginning in the 1830s, and the Oregon Trail allowed settlers to make it to the Pacific Coast shortly thereafter. The 1848 discovery of Gold in California set off another major wave Westward. Kansas and Nebraska were allowed in to the Union in the 1850s under great controversy around slavery, setting the stage for the Civil War. California joined the Union in 1850 as a free state, with Oregon following nine years later, also as a free state. Nevada was brought into the Union during the War, as a free state, but also because its vast silver and gold mining provided valuable resources to the Union.

Andrew Jackson started his military career as teenage boy in the American Revolution, but never rosed past being a private. While spending time in the young Republic as a lawyer, planter, and slave trader, Jackson became involved in the Tennessee state militia. As a leader of the militia, Jackson led troops in 1814 against the Creek tribe in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, and roundly defeated them. In 1815, Jackson led troops against the British at the Battle of New Orleans. While Jackson's victory there was widely celebrated, the battle actually occurred after the British had already surrendered in the War of 1812. Jackson's popularity as a military commander eventually helped propel him to the Presidency in 1828.