Timothy Leary was a Harvard University psychology professor who began conducting research into the effects of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD. Leary's research and advocacy made the use of LSD, which would only be criminalized in 1970, one of the key features of the 1960s counterculture. The use of psychedelics would produce many "mind altering" forms of art, philosophy, and culture that greatly informed the youth culture of the 1960s.

All of these elements were closely associated with the art and literature of the Beat Generation. The Beat Generation was a group of authors and aesthetes who came to exemplify the literary and intellectual counterculture of the postwar era, and were seen as the intellectual predecessors to the countercultural revolution of the 1960s.

George Westinghouse was the main proponent of Alternating Current (AC), as opposed to Direct Current (DC), for which Thomas Edison advocated. The conflict between these two set up what we now refer to as the “Currency Wars”; I strongly encourage you to look it up—it’s incredibly interesting.

The short of it is that there are advantages and disadvantages to both AC and DC. AC tends to be more economical in some instances where DC is more expensive. That said, AC is [more] dangerous (i.e. you can be electrocuted at a lower threshold) whereas DC is safer. This information formed the backdrop of the rivalry between Edison and Westinghouse, which included some very . . . shocking . . . moments (Edison, for example, attempted to coin the term “Westinghoused” rather than “electrocuted”).

In the end, Westinghouse won out—we use AC in the US today.

This should have been a very simple question. The answer is Henry Ford. Ford not only was the first to apply the assembly line to automobile manufacturing, he also made it more efficient. In other words, he took the different processes it takes to build an automobile (the Model T, in this instance) and then broke them down into discrete actions that only one person performed (and that person performed the same action, every day)

The Great Gatsby was published in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and was a cautionary tale about the idealism and decadence of the era. The Jungle was published in 1906 by Upton Sinclair, and concerned the unsanitary conditions of the Chicago meatpacking plants, as well as the harsh living conditions of the plants' immigrant workers. Uncle Tom's Cabin was published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and portrayed the harsh living conditions of antebellum slaves. Looking Backward was a utopian science fiction novel published by Edward Bellamy in 1888.