The best option for this sentence would be a word that indicates an increase in the size of the personal library in question. “Elongate” is really not appropriate, unless perhaps we were discussing the length of the bookshelves; however, “augment” captures this sense, meaning “to increase by addition.” The word “auction” is derived from a similar base (the “g” sound becoming the similar “c” sound), for to “auction” means to sell to the highest bidder—the prices ever increasing.

John wishes to draw out or evoke some sort of kindness. “Elicit” means to draw out, coming from the Latin roots “e-,” which is found in many words (coming from “ex,” meaning out of) and a set of roots related to the “-lic” used here, meaning “to lure;” therefore, “elicit” means something like to lure out—at least when considered literally in view of its roots.

To be “enervated” is to be drained of energy and weakened. It is related to an almost identical Latin word, though it can also be seen to be indirectly derived from the combination of the prefix “e-” (similar to “ex-”), meaning out of, and the Latin nervus which means sinew or muscle, but also strength.

George wished to reduce Jordan’s vitality, which means that he wanted to “sap” it from him. Although often thought to be derived from the notion of gathering a tree’s sap, it actually is derived from the idea of “sapping” as digging a canal to conceal oneself from an enemy, or even more remotely meaning to dig a ditch to undermine and destabilize the foundation of a building.

The key here is that the art is “creative,” meaning that we are looking for a word that indicates making—not merely discovering, discerning, or so forth. The word “fabricating” fits this usage. Although it has negative connotations often, it can also mean to construct from parts—here, the “existing social facts.”

To “foster” something is to encourage and nurture its development. Since Nathan’s talent is “latent,” it will need to be developed. The sense of the sentence focuses more upon the fostering than on the increase itself, as is indicated by the focus on “positive reinforcement.”

If one "stipulates" something, they clearly demand a set of conditions for an agreement. Often in arguments, one will provide a “stipulative” definition, which is one that is set to have a specific meaning in order to make the argument clearer and more direct (without the nuances of potentially non-stipulated definitions). 

They key word to note is “deadened.” This helps us to avoid “brightened” (and even more so the much weaker “altered”). The weather brought the spirits of the citizens “back to life” from their deadened state; therefore, it “vivified” them.

This word comes from the Latin vivere, meaning “to live.” One can think of many related English words, for instance: survive, vivacious, revive.

The key here is the fact that the workers do the same procedures repetitively. Hence, the best choice is “iterate.”  This word is derived from Latin roots that mean again or to repeat. 

Since the two processes are parallel and “precisely related,” they have to run with exactly the same timing; therefore, while many of the options are tempting, “synchronized” is the best.

This is derived from two familiar Greek words. “Syn” means together or with. It has many English derivatives like “synoptic”—seeing (=optic) together or in the same manner—and symphony. (The latter has also –phony, which comes from the Greek for “sound” and is found in words like “cacophony” and “telephone”). The “-chronized” portion of our word comes from the Greek for “time” and is reflected in words like “chronology” and “chronometer.”