NCLEX-RN : NCLEX
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for NCLEX-RN
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Example Questions
Example Question #831 : Nclex
Hepatocellular carcinoma is also associated with what toxin?
Organophosphates
Aflatoxin
Asbestos
Lead
Aflatoxin
Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with exposure to aflatoxin, from Aspergillus species, which can be found in many foods. Most commonly contaminated foods are corn, peanuts (and peanut butter), pistachios, brazil nuts, chillies, black pepper, dried fruit, and figs.
Asbestos is linked to mesothelioma, organophosphate exposure is linked to leukemia, and lead exposure has not been directly associated with any increase in malignancy, although current studies are pending further evidence.
Example Question #832 : Nclex
Suzie is a 42-year-old female and has recently visited a genetic counselor after referral by her primary care physician. She has a family history of breast cancer on her father's side. She was found to not have the cancer-linked BRCA 1 or 2 genetic mutations. The genetic counselor explained to her that __________.
she cannot develop breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer
she cannot develop uterine cancer, but can develop ovarian or breast cancer
she may still develop breast cancer, but not ovarian or uterine cancer
she cannot develop breast cancer, but can develop ovarian or uterine cancer
she may still develop breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer
she may still develop breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer
The incidence of cancer-linked genes can increase an individual's risk of developing cancer. However, their absence does not guarantee that the individual will not develop cancers of any kind.
Example Question #833 : Nclex
Alice is a 25-year-old female who is visiting her primary care physician for a routine physical. Which of the following may be conducted at the appointment?
A papanicolaou test
A rapid antigen detection test
A cervical cerclage
A vaginal ultrasound
A urine analysis
A papanicolaou test
A papanicolaou test (pap smear) may be preformed routinely on adult women as a screening for cervical cancer. A rapid antigen detection test (rapid strep test), urine analysis, cervical cerclage, or vaginal ultrasound would not be part of routine screening.
Example Question #834 : Nclex
John is a 60-year-old man who has a first degree relative recently diagnosed with cancer. He asks his nurse what he can do to prevent himself from developing cancer. Which of the following is incorrect?
Wear sunscreen when exposed to the sun
Exercise at least for at least 150 minutes weekly
Drink 3 to 5 glasses of green tea with antioxidants daily
Eat a healthy diet
Rest for 6-8 hours nightly
Drink 3 to 5 glasses of green tea with antioxidants daily
Green tea has not been proven to decrease the risk of developing cancer. All other precautions have been shown to decrease the risk of developing various cancers.
Example Question #835 : Nclex
Your patient is experiencing diarrhea after receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention?
Advocate for the patient to eat a high-residue diet
Encourage the patient not to eat until the diarrhea passes
Instruct the patient to eat a diet high in soluble fiber
Encourage the patient to remain as sedentary as possible
Instruct the patient to take Senokot-S daily
Instruct the patient to eat a diet high in soluble fiber
A diet high in soluble fiber will help to decrease the effects of diarrhea. Note that soluble fiber also provides relief from constipation. Senokot-S is a stool softener that will cause increased diarrhea. Remaining sedentary and not eating are not necessary and will not help a patient recovering from chemotherapy.
Example Question #11 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
A patient is suffering from alopecia secondary to chemotherapy. Which of the following is the correct course of action for the nurse?
Use heat tools and products to maximize hair volume
Suggest dying the hair a lighter color
Change the bed sheets and towels frequently
Shampoo and brush frequently to reduce fall-out
Avoid discussing the topic with the patient
Change the bed sheets and towels frequently
Hair loss can be alarming if large amounts of hair are seen in linens. Shampooing, brushing, heat tools, and hair dyes can increase fallout. The nurse should welcome healthy discussion about self esteem if appropriate.
Example Question #12 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Which of the following would raise suspicion for thrombocytopenia?
The patient is excessively hungry
The patient appears to have a slightly pink tint in skin color
You see small bruises that appear under the skin
The patient's blood seems to clot abnormally fast in response to injury
The patient is experiencing an increase in depressive symptoms
You see small bruises that appear under the skin
Thrombocytopenia occurs when the blood does not have a high enough platelet count. Slow clotting blood, increased bruising, or petechiae can all point to thrombocytopenia.
Example Question #13 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Anemia, a side effect of many chemotherapeutic agents, involves which of the following?
The blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells
The blood does not have enough platelets
The blood does not have enough healthy white blood cells
The blood does not have enough plasma
The blood does not have enough antibodies
The blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells
Anemia is a condition caused the the deficiency of healthy red blood cells in the blood stream. This results in lack of sufficient oxygen delivery to tissues.
Example Question #14 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Which of the following is a consequence of a carcinogen?
Carcinogens increase the plasma membrane's permeability to insulin
Carcinogens detoxify protective lysosomes
Carcinogens permeate the Golgi apparatus
Carcinogens alter a cell's DNA sequence
Carcinogens bind to the cell's plasma membrane
Carcinogens alter a cell's DNA sequence
Carcinogens cause cancer by making changes to the host's DNA. They can be chemical (ex. pharmaceutical drugs), or viral (ex. Epstein-Barr). Additionally, exposure to radiation has also been known to damage DNA and is another form of a carcinogen.
Example Question #11 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Ethel is an 80-year-old woman who is receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of a tumor. You are the nurse taking care of Ethel. While her chemotherapy is infusing __________.
you call the physician frequently to update him on her response
you ask your colleague to cover you while you go to lunch
you practice hourly rounding
you check the infusion site frequently
you elevate the extremity of venous access
you check the infusion site frequently
Chemotherapeutic agents are often very irritating to the tissue if they unintentionally travel to areas outside the vein. They can cause severe tissue loss and degradation. Patients receiving chemotherapy need to be monitored closely for signs of infiltration.
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