The normal reference range for an adult female hematocrit is . Anything below this may indicate anemia, elevated white blood cell count, or blood loss, while numbers above this may indicate dehydration, chronic oxygen deficiency, or a condition of excess red blood cell production (such as polycythemia vera).

All of his vitals and blood work are within normal range except his cholesterol. Normally, cholesterol is considered within normal range if it is under , but in the case of patients with past history of cardiac event or stroke, cholesterol should be maintained at under . 

The normal range for a platelet count on a CBC is . Numbers below  may result in poor clotting ability, while numbers above  may increase risk of stroke or thrombosis.

A normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate should be below . Anything above this indicates some sort of inflammatory process.

While adults may have a specific gravity that ranges anywhere from 1.000 to 1.030, the normal reference range is generally considered to be 1.005 to 1.025. A specific gravity below 1.005 could indicate very dilute urine (the specific gravity of water is 1.000) and anything higher than 1.030 may be present in the case of dehydration, kidney disease, infection, or glucose in the urine.

The normal range for pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Anything below that range is considered to be acidosis, while values above that range would be considered alkalosis. Recall that the main blood buffer system involves carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide. The equilibrium equation is as follows:

A urinalysis can be an important tool in diagnosis conditions such as the presence of kidney stones, urinary tract infection and even dehydration. A typical urinalysis will contain information on all of the parameters indicated. The presence of glucose, ketones, crystals, casts, and leukocyte esterase may also be included. 

Washed red blood cells are generally prepared for patients with a history of severe allergic reaction to blood transfusion. Washed red blood cells are not generally required in patients with kidney disease, patient who are immunocompromised, or patients with metastatic disease. 

Before administration, plasma products must be checked for ABO compatibility and Rh compatibility.

ABO blood type does not have to be an exact match, but blood types must be compatible. An Rh positive individual, for example, is compatible with either Rh negative blood or positive blood, while an Rh negative individual is only compatible with Rh negative blood. 

The pulmonic valve can be auscultated to the left of the sternum at the second intercostal space. Auscultation at this space can aid in the identification of pulmonary murmurs such as pulmonary stenosis or regurgitation. The second right intercostal space is the location at which the nurse would be able to evaluate the aortic valve. The first intercostal space is not generally auscultated in a normal heart exam.