NCLEX : Lung and Alveoli
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Example Questions
Example Question #11 : Lung And Alveoli
In the average adult, how much air remains in the dead space of the lung after normal expiration?
Dead space is the volume of air that remains in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles during respiration. It does not enter the alveoli and so does not participate in gas exchange. In the average adult, the amount of air left in the dead space after expiration is 
Example Question #12 : Lung And Alveoli
What is the average volume of air breathed into and out of the respiratory system during tidal breathing?
Tidal breathing is the term for relaxed inhalation and exhalation (as opposed to maximum inspiration and forced exhalation). The average volume of air breathed into and out of the respiratory system during tidal breathing is 
Example Question #13 : Lung And Alveoli
Which of the following would cause bronchioconstriction?
Parasympathetic imput
All of these cause bronchioconstriction
Cold air
Allergens
All of these cause bronchioconstriction
There are many factors that can cause bronchioconstriction. Some of them are normal physiological responses, such as parasympathetic input or decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. Other causes are pathological, such as allergic bronchioconstriction or asthma triggered by cold air.
Example Question #14 : Lung And Alveoli
What are the two types of alveolar cells?
Type I and type II
A cells and B cells
Interstitial cells and active cells
Primary and secondary cells
Type I and type II
There are two types of alveolar cells: type I cells and type II cells. Each cell type has a unique function within the alveolus, and the dysfunction of either cell type results in serious respiratory pathology. Type I cells are simple squamous epithelial cells that account for about 95% of all alveolar cells. They are the primary cells responsible for diffusion of gasses across the respiratory membranes. Type I alveolar cells are responsible for secreting surfactant, which facilitates the diffusion of substances across the epithelium.
Example Question #15 : Lung And Alveoli
When the diaphragm contracts, lung volume __________.
compresses
decreases
increases
diffuses
increases
The diaphragm is a thin sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. At rest, it is drawn upward into a dome-like shape under the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts, the dome flattens out, which increases the size of the thoracic cavity. The negative pressure allows the lungs to expand and fill with air, causing an increase in total lung volume (inhalation).
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