NCLEX : Identifying Pediatric Conditions
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Example Question #97 : Conditions And Treatments
Which of the following is a typical clinical sign of aortic insufficiency in a pediatric patient?
Excessive sweating
Mania
Frequent epigastric pain
Exercise intolerance
Exercise intolerance
Exercise intolerance is a typical clinical finding in pediatric patients with aortic stenosis. This condition may present with any of the other symptoms but mania, excessive sweating, and epigastric pain are not directly associated with aortic insufficiency in this population.
Example Question #97 : Conditions And Treatments
Parvovirus B-19 causes which of the following conditions?
Rubeola
Fifth's disease
Roseola infantum
Scarlet fever
Fifth's disease
Parvovirus B-19 causes fifth's disease, sometimes referred to as "slapped cheek syndrome," due to the bright-red cheeks that often present with the infection. Scarlet fever is caused by group A streptococcus infection. Roseola infantum is caused by either human herpesvirus 6 or human herpesvirus 7. Rubeola, or measles, is caused by the measles virus.
Example Question #99 : Conditions And Treatments
What is the incubation period for varicella (chickenpox)?
48-72 hours
10-21 days
2-7 days
14-28 days
10-21 days
Varicella, caused by an infection with the varicella zoster virus, has an incubation period of 10-21 days.
Example Question #99 : Conditions And Treatments
Which of the following infections is the most common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease?
Enterovirus 71
Parvovirus b19
Human herpesvirus 6
Coxsackievirus A16
Coxsackievirus A16
The most common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease in the United States is coxsackievirus A16. Enterovirus 71 can also cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, though it is a less common etiology. Parvovirus b19 causes Fifth disease, sometimes referred to as "slapped cheek syndrome." Human herpesvirus 6 is one of two viruses that cause roseola infantum.
Example Question #101 : Conditions And Treatments
While doing a standard ophthalmoscopic exam on a seven year old female, the examiner notices that while the light reflex of the left eye is red, the light reflex of the right eye appears bright yellow. The right pupil is also less reactive to light, and the right eye appears to be slightly bulging. The examiner should be suspicious of which of the following conditions?
Pinguecula
Cataract
Hordeolum
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is the most common form of ocular cancer in children. It is derived from developing retinal cells. The most common symptoms are a white or yellow light reflex (also known as leukocoria), diminished pupillary reflex, crossing of the eyes, impaired vision, and bulging of the affected eye. A cataract may also cause the pupil to appear white or to produce a white or yellow light reflex, but it will not cause bulging of the eye.
A pinguecula is a fatty deposit on the sclera which will not alter the red-light reflex, and a hordeolum is outside the eye itself: it is an infection of a hair follicle of the eyelid, also known as a stye.
Example Question #102 : Conditions And Treatments
A labor and delivery nurse is speaking to a new mother about her premature infant, and is explaining why the infant will have difficulty with heat regulation.
Which of the following statements made by the nurse best explains why a perterm infant cannot conserve heat properly?
"The preterm infant lacks white fat, which provides the infant with a heat source due to underdeveloped musculature and the inability to utilize the process of shivering to produce heat."
"The preterm infant has a lack of subcutaneous fat, and a large surface area to body weight ratio, as well as a lack of brown fat that provides heat to infants due to its unique thermogenic properties."
"The preterm infant cannot generate heat effectively because of a lack of surfactant in the skin and therefore cannot generate or preserve a proper body temperature."
"The preterm infant has an immature hypothalamus, which cannot set the infant's internal temperature properly leading to large amounts of heat being lost via convection."
"The preterm infant has too little protein reserves around the kidneys, the neck, between the scapulae, and behind the sternum, and therefore cannot generate heat and can lead to hypothermia."
"The preterm infant has a lack of subcutaneous fat, and a large surface area to body weight ratio, as well as a lack of brown fat that provides heat to infants due to its unique thermogenic properties."
A preterm infant cannot conserve heat due to several reasons. The infant has a lack of subcutaneous fat, has a large surface area relative to their body weight, a lack of glucose reserves, and a lack of brown fat - which is a unique type of fat that is capable of generating a greater amount of heat than just ordinary fat.
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