NCLEX : Causes and Treatments of Tumors
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Example Question #11 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
A patient is suffering from alopecia secondary to chemotherapy. Which of the following is the correct course of action for the nurse?
Change the bed sheets and towels frequently
Avoid discussing the topic with the patient
Shampoo and brush frequently to reduce fall-out
Use heat tools and products to maximize hair volume
Suggest dying the hair a lighter color
Change the bed sheets and towels frequently
Hair loss can be alarming if large amounts of hair are seen in linens. Shampooing, brushing, heat tools, and hair dyes can increase fallout. The nurse should welcome healthy discussion about self esteem if appropriate.
Example Question #12 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Which of the following would raise suspicion for thrombocytopenia?
The patient is excessively hungry
The patient is experiencing an increase in depressive symptoms
The patient's blood seems to clot abnormally fast in response to injury
The patient appears to have a slightly pink tint in skin color
You see small bruises that appear under the skin
You see small bruises that appear under the skin
Thrombocytopenia occurs when the blood does not have a high enough platelet count. Slow clotting blood, increased bruising, or petechiae can all point to thrombocytopenia.
Example Question #33 : Conditions And Treatments
Anemia, a side effect of many chemotherapeutic agents, involves which of the following?
The blood does not have enough platelets
The blood does not have enough healthy white blood cells
The blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells
The blood does not have enough plasma
The blood does not have enough antibodies
The blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells
Anemia is a condition caused the the deficiency of healthy red blood cells in the blood stream. This results in lack of sufficient oxygen delivery to tissues.
Example Question #13 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Which of the following is a consequence of a carcinogen?
Carcinogens permeate the Golgi apparatus
Carcinogens increase the plasma membrane's permeability to insulin
Carcinogens alter a cell's DNA sequence
Carcinogens detoxify protective lysosomes
Carcinogens bind to the cell's plasma membrane
Carcinogens alter a cell's DNA sequence
Carcinogens cause cancer by making changes to the host's DNA. They can be chemical (ex. pharmaceutical drugs), or viral (ex. Epstein-Barr). Additionally, exposure to radiation has also been known to damage DNA and is another form of a carcinogen.
Example Question #14 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Ethel is an 80-year-old woman who is receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of a tumor. You are the nurse taking care of Ethel. While her chemotherapy is infusing __________.
you ask your colleague to cover you while you go to lunch
you practice hourly rounding
you check the infusion site frequently
you call the physician frequently to update him on her response
you elevate the extremity of venous access
you check the infusion site frequently
Chemotherapeutic agents are often very irritating to the tissue if they unintentionally travel to areas outside the vein. They can cause severe tissue loss and degradation. Patients receiving chemotherapy need to be monitored closely for signs of infiltration.
Example Question #31 : Conditions And Treatments
Nathan received chemotherapy 24 hours ago. You instruct Nathan to __________.
only drink bottled water for 48 hours
wear gloves when preparing foods
clean soiled areas three or more times using bleach
flush the toilet twice after going to the bathroom
Throw away soiled sheets for 48 hours
flush the toilet twice after going to the bathroom
People receiving chemotherapy should flush the toilet twice after use for at least 48 hours to avoid exposing anybody else to the byproducts of the chemotherapy drugs. Wearing gloves when preparing foods, throwing away linens, using excessive bleach, and drinking bottled water are not necessary and do not significantly reduce risk to others.
Example Question #15 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
Identify the chemotherapeutic agent.
Lamotrigine
Methotrexate
Gabapentin
Furosemide
Levofloxacin
Methotrexate
Methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent. Levofloxacin is an antibiotic, lamotrigine is a mood stabilizer, gabapentin is an anti-epileptic agent, and furosemide is a diuretic.
Example Question #11 : Causes And Treatments Of Tumors
The oncology nurse cares for a patient receiving internal radiation treatment for cancer. Which of the following scenarios most concerns the nurse?
The nursing assistant provides care in the patient’s room for 2 hours during the 8-hour shift.
The physician performs a physical assessment for 10 minutes.
The patient complains about remaining on bedrest and asks to stand up.
The charge nurse asks providers if they are pregnant before assigning them to this patient’s care.
The nursing student stands away from the patient while talking to him.
The nursing assistant provides care in the patient’s room for 2 hours during the 8-hour shift.
When caring for a patient receiving internal radiation, the length of exposure to the radiation is a high priority for the nurse. It is important to rotate staff who care for the patient, limiting close contact to 30 minutes per 8 hour shift. Additionally, it is important to organize tasks so limited time is spent in the client’s room. Visitors must also be limited. Pregnant women should not be assigned to work with this client. The patient must be on bedrest while sealed sources of radiation are placed. It is also important not to stand close to the radioactive source.
Example Question #844 : Nclex
Which of the following is not a proven risk-factor for the development of oral cancer?
Excessive alcohol consumption.
Regular use of alcohol-containing mouthwash.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
A diet with inadequate amounts of fruits and vegetables.
Tobacco product use.
Regular use of alcohol-containing mouthwash.
All of the above are proven risk factors with the exception of mouthwash use. Poor dental care, prolonged present irritation (such as excessive flossing), tobacco and alcohol use, infection with certain strains of HPV, and an unbalanced diet can increase the risk of oral cancer.
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