The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile from the liver. Bile is used to emulsify fats, assisting digestion in the small intestine. A person whose gallbladder has been removed should restrict fat consumption, as they will have a limited ability to digest fatty compounds. Triglycerides are a form of fat.

Triglycerides and cholesterol do not go straight into the venous circulation. These fats are made into structures called chylomicrons and are processed through lacteals into the lymphatic system.

Exercise can induce the release of corticoids which stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. This initiation will divert the body's resources and blood flow away from the digestive system, and toward the muscles that the athlete is engaging. As such, the meal will take a long period of time to digest.

The most important function of the large intestine is the resorption of water that comes from intake or the pancreas. Waste is still hydrated while in the small intestine.

The cell type that would be most likely to be directly responsible for producing stomach acid in Lorempis marengis is parietal cells. In humans, parietal cells, when stimulated by gastrin (produced by G cells), produce stomach acid. In the fictional organism, Lorempis marengis, we are told within the passage a great deal of information related to the structural and functional similarities between Lorempis marengis and humans in studies performed. The passage describes that the digestive tract of the fictional organism and humans is extremely similar based upon studies, and that it is assumed that at the cellular level they are similar as well. This question asks us to determine what cell type in the fictional organism would be most likely to be directly responsible for stomach acid production. As such, since we are told to assume that they are similar to humans at the cellular level, this question is really asking us what cell type in humans is most directly responsible for stomach acid production. The cell type most directly responsible for that in humans is the parietal cell, and therefore we can assume that that is true of Lorempis marengis as well.

While G cells produce gastrin, which stimulates acid production, the G cells do not directly produce the acid, so this is an incorrect answer choice.

Chief cells produce pepsinogen, a precursor enzyme to pepsin. They do not produce stomach acid.

Foveolar cells produce a mucus layer for the stomach. They do not produce stomach acid.

Enteroendocrine cells secrete a number of substances, including gastrin, histamine, endorphins, CCK, and somatostatin, but they do not directly produce stomach acid.

The correct answer is glucagon. Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas, not the pituitary gland. All the other answer choices are major hormones secreted by the pituitary that are essential to bodily functions.

Oxytocin is produced by the hypothalamus, but stored and released by the posterior pituitary, making it the correct answer. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also released by the posterior pituitary, so its pairing with the hypothalamus was incorrect. Calcitonin is released by the thyroid, and aldosterone (like other corticosteroids) is released by the adrenal cortex. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released from the anterior pituitary.

The posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin, which is important for milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions during labor.

Calcitonin, which serves to decrease serum calcium, is secreted by the thyroid gland. The adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone, which increases blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. The adrenal cortex also secretes cortisol, a steroid hormone that acts to increase serum glucose, aid in fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, and suppress the body's immune system. 

The posterior pituitary gland does in fact secrete oxytocin; however, all of the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are created in the hypothalamus. The hormones are then sent to the posterior pituitary gland in order to be secreted.

The anterior pituitary creates and secretes follicle-stimulating hormone. The pancreas creates and secretes glucagon and insulin. The adrenal cortex creates and secretes aldosterone.

The pituitary gland is comprised for the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary arises from the oral ectoderm, while the posterior pituitary arises from the neuroectoderm. Hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary in response to stress or to promote milk production, growth, or reproduction. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is required for growth of the reproductive system.

The posterior pituitary is responsible for production and secretion of neurohypophysical hormones, including oxytocin and vasopressin. Somatostatin is produced from within the digestive system, and signals to the anterior pituitary to inhibit growth hormone secretion. 

The hormones of the anterior pituitary can be remembered by using the pneumonic "FLAT PEG." The anterior pituitary secretes follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, endorphins, and growth hormone.