ISEE Upper Level Math : Parallelograms

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ISEE Upper Level Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : How To Find The Area Of A Parallelogram

Parallelogram2

Give the area of the above parallelogram if \(\displaystyle BC = 10\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 25\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 25\sqrt{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 25\)

\(\displaystyle 50\)

\(\displaystyle 50\sqrt{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 25\sqrt{3}\)

Explanation:

Multiply height \(\displaystyle BD\) by base \(\displaystyle CD\) to get the area.

By the 30-60-90 Theorem:

\(\displaystyle BD = \frac{BC}{2} = \frac{10}{2}} = 5\)

and

\(\displaystyle CD =BD \cdot \sqrt{3} = 5\sqrt{3}\)

The area is therefore

\(\displaystyle BD \cdot CD = 5 \cdot 5\sqrt{3} = 25\sqrt{3}\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find The Area Of A Parallelogram

Parallelogram1

Give the area of the above parallelogram if \(\displaystyle BC = 10\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 25\sqrt{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 50\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 25\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 50\sqrt{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 50\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 50\)

Explanation:

Multiply height \(\displaystyle BD\) by base \(\displaystyle CD\) to get the area.

By the 45-45-90 Theorem, 

\(\displaystyle BD = CD = \frac{BC}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{10}{\sqrt{2}}\)

The area is therefore

\(\displaystyle BD \cdot CD = \frac{10}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{10}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{100}{2} = 50\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find The Area Of A Parallelogram

Three of the vertices of a parallelogram on the coordinate plane are \(\displaystyle (0,0), (9,12),(12,9)\). What is the area of the parallelogram?

Possible Answers:

Insufficient information is given to answer the problem.

\(\displaystyle 72\)

\(\displaystyle 60\)

\(\displaystyle 54\)

\(\displaystyle 63\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 63\)

Explanation:

As can be seen in the diagram, there are three possible locations of the fourth point of the parallelogram:

Axes_2

Regardless of the location of the fourth point, however, the triangle with the given three vertices comprises exactly half the parallelogram. Therefore, the parallelogram has double that of the triangle.

The area of the triangle can be computed by noting that the triangle is actually a part of a 12-by-12 square with three additional right triangles cut out:

Axes_1

The area of the 12 by 12 square is \(\displaystyle 12^{2} = 144\)

The area of the green triangle is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times 12 \times 9 = 54\).

The area of the blue triangle is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times 9 \times 12 = 54\).

The area of the pink triangle is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times 3 \times 3 = 4 \frac{1}{2}\).

The area of the main triangle is therefore

\(\displaystyle 144- 54-54-4\frac{1}{2} = 31\frac{1}{2}\)

The parallelogram has area twice this, or \(\displaystyle 2 \times 31\frac{1}{2} = 63\).

Example Question #1 : Parallelograms

One of the sides of a square on the coordinate plane has an endpoint at the point with coordinates \(\displaystyle (4, 5 )\); it has the origin as its other endpoint. What is the area of this square?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 18\)

\(\displaystyle 81\)

\(\displaystyle 36\)

\(\displaystyle 41\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 41\)

Explanation:

The length of a segment with endpoints \(\displaystyle (0,0)\) and \(\displaystyle (4, 5 )\) can be found using the distance formula with \(\displaystyle x_{1} = y_{1} = 0\)\(\displaystyle x_{2} = 4\)\(\displaystyle y_{2} = 5\):

\(\displaystyle d = \sqrt{(x_{2}- x_{1})^{2}+(y_{2}-y_{1})^{2}}\)

\(\displaystyle = \sqrt{(4-0)^{2}+(5-0 )^{2}}\)

\(\displaystyle = \sqrt{4^{2}+5^{2}}\)

\(\displaystyle = \sqrt{16+25 }\)

\(\displaystyle = \sqrt{41}\)

This is the length of one side of the square, so the area is the square of this, or 41.

Example Question #281 : Geometry

Parallelogram1

The area of the Parallelogram \(\displaystyle ABCD\) is \(\displaystyle X\). Give its perimeter in terms of \(\displaystyle X\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2 \sqrt{3X}\)

\(\displaystyle 2 \sqrt{X} + 2 \sqrt{2X}\)

\(\displaystyle \sqrt{6X}\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \sqrt{2X}\)

\(\displaystyle 4 \sqrt{X }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 2 \sqrt{X} + 2 \sqrt{2X}\)

Explanation:

The height of the parallelogram is \(\displaystyle BD\), and the base is \(\displaystyle DC\). By the 45-45-90 Theorem, \(\displaystyle BD=CD\). Since the product of the height and the base of a parallelogram is its area, 

\(\displaystyle BD \cdot CD = A\)

\(\displaystyle \left (BD \right )^{2} = X\)

\(\displaystyle BD = \sqrt{X}\)

Also by the 45-45-90 Theorem, 

\(\displaystyle CD = AB = BD = \sqrt{X}\), and

\(\displaystyle AD = BC = \sqrt{X} \cdot \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{2X}\)

The perimeter of the parallelogram is

\(\displaystyle AB + CD + BC + AD = \sqrt{X} + \sqrt{X} + \sqrt{2X}+ \sqrt{2X} = 2 \sqrt{X} + 2 \sqrt{2X}\)

Example Question #282 : Geometry

Parallelogram1

Calculate the perimeter of the above parallelogram if \(\displaystyle BD = 8\sqrt{2}\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 48\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 16+ 16 \sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 32+ 16 \sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 48\)

\(\displaystyle 32+ 32\sqrt{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 32+ 16 \sqrt{2}\)

Explanation:

By the 45-45-90 Theorem, 

\(\displaystyle AB= CD = BD = 8\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle AD= BC = BD \cdot \sqrt{2} = 8\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2} = 8 \cdot 2 = 16\)

The perimeter of the parallelogram is

\(\displaystyle AB + CD + BC + AD = 8 \sqrt{2} + 8 \sqrt{2} + 16+16 = 32+ 16 \sqrt{2}\)

Example Question #5 : Parallelograms

Parallelogram2

Calculate the perimeter of the above parallelogram if \(\displaystyle BD = 30\sqrt{6}\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 360\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 180\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 240+120\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 360\)

\(\displaystyle 180+180\sqrt{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 180\sqrt{2}\)

Explanation:

By the 30-60-90 Theorem:

\(\displaystyle AB = CD= \frac{BD}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{30 \sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{3}}= 30\sqrt{2}\), and

\(\displaystyle BC = AD = 2\cdot AB = 2 \cdot 30\sqrt{2} =60\sqrt{2}\)

The perimeter of the parallelogram is

\(\displaystyle AB + CD + BC + AD = 30\sqrt{2}+ 30\sqrt{2}+60\sqrt{2}+60\sqrt{2}= 180\sqrt{2}\)

Example Question #284 : Isee Upper Level (Grades 9 12) Mathematics Achievement

Find the perimeter of a parallelogram with a base of 6in and a side of length 8in.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 32\text{in}\)

\(\displaystyle 48\text{in}\)

\(\displaystyle 28\text{in}\)

\(\displaystyle 36\text{in}\)

\(\displaystyle 24\text{in}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 28\text{in}\)

Explanation:

A parallelogram has 4 sides.  A base (where the opposite side is equal) and a side (where the opposite side is equal).  So, we will use the following formula:

\(\displaystyle P = b+b+s+s\)

where b is the base and s is the side of the parallelogram.  

 

We know the base has a length of 6in.  We also know the side has a length of 8in. 

Knowing this, we can substitute into the formula.  We get

\(\displaystyle P = 6\text{in} + 6\text{in} + 8\text{in} + 8\text{in}\)

\(\displaystyle P = 28\text{in}\)

Example Question #52 : Quadrilaterals

Solve for \(\displaystyle x\):

Problem_10

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle x=95\)

\(\displaystyle x=19\)

\(\displaystyle x=89\)

\(\displaystyle x=109\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle x=109\)

Explanation:

Find the sum of the interior angles of the polygon using the following equation where n is equal to the number of sides.

\(\displaystyle =180(n-2)\)

\(\displaystyle 180(4-2)=180(2)=360\)

The sum of the angles must equal 360.

\(\displaystyle 360=x+71+x+71=2x+142\)

\(\displaystyle 360-142=2x+142-142\)

\(\displaystyle 218=2x\)

\(\displaystyle 109=x\)

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