We are told that biologists struggled to do something due to a lack of a uniform naming system. Here the word “uniform” means standardized or accepted by everyone. So, it makes sense that Carl Linnaeus would change the world of biology by introducing a logical naming system, or “nomenclature.”

As the play is four hours long, we can infer that after a couple of hours, the play would be half over. At the halfway point of most long plays there is a break where the audience can get up and walk around, also known as an “intermission.” 

Based on the sentence, the students are trying to get Mr. Applebaum to talk about something other than the lesson. When a person does this, it is called "going off on a tangent," meaning straying from the original line of thought.

A "hangar" is like a garage for planes. Since the pilot drove immediately to the location, "hangar" is the only answer that makes sense. A "garage" performs a similar function as does a "hangar," but it does so exclusively for cars, buses, and trucks. A "dock" performs this function for boats, not planes.

In this problem you need to determine which of these answer choices is a synonym for "posture." The correct answer is "stance," which means position, posture, or attitude. To provide further help, a "prophecy" is a prediction; a "feat" is an accomplishment; an "accolade" is a certificate or trophy given in praise; the "trajectory" of something is the expected path it will take.

Based on the context of this sentence it is clear that the answer you are looking for should reflect the definition winnings, money earned through a game or luck. The correct answer is therefore "windfall." To provide further help, "grievances" are complaints; "hazards" are dangers; "downtime" is time for relaxing, time away from work; a "donation" is something given freely to someone else. 

As a student you probably are aware that in order to go on a field trip you need to have the "permission" of your parents. So, the correct answer must mean something like permission, agreement, approval. The correct answer is therefore "consent." "Consent" can be used as a noun or a verb, but either way refers to the permission. To provide further help, a "vocation" is a job; a "feat" is an accomplishment; "adhesive" is glue, something that sticks; an "idiosyncrasy" is a personality quirk, an unusual trait in a person. 

The first important thing to understand is the definition of "abhor," it means hate, detest. So, what word is used to describe someone who hates violence and warfare? The correct answer is "pacifist." To provide further help, "guerilla" and "insurgent" are synonyms, both words mean rebel, revolutionary; a "mentor" is a teacher, someone who provides help and advice to someone younger or less experienced. 

In this sentence the speaker is told to appear in court to answer for a possible crime committed. Something that summons someone to court is called a "subpoena." To provide further help, a "felony" is a crime; a "bulletin" is a posted public announcement; a "boon" is a blessing, a gift.

A collection of Gods within a religion is known as a "pantheon." To provide further help, to "counsel" means to advise; a "gala" is a festival; a "ceremony" a formal occasion or gathering; "orthodox" means conservative or conforming to what is expected or required by a religion.