Unlike the body, where the spinothalamic tract sends pain and temperature information, the trigeminal nerve does this for the face. This is processed through the trigeminal ganglion which then synapsis to the spinal trigeminal nucleus before going to the thalamus.

The face is unique in which the sensation of touch is processed through the trigeminal nerve through the trigeminal ganglion which later synapses to the chief nucleus. Don't confuse this with fasciculus gracilus, which transmits touch info from T8 and down and cuneatus that does T8 and up.

C fibers are the least myelinated fibers that carry sensory information. They are responsible for the "slow" more excruciating pain that people tend to experience after the initial pain occurs with an injury. They are known as the slow fibers because the less myelinated a fiber is the slower the conduction speed it has to send the information.

Visceral afferent and somatic afferent axons are found in the dorsal roots of spinal nerves. The dorsal root emerges directly from the spinal cord and travels to the dorsal root ganglion. It then joins fibers with the ventral root to make a mixed spinal nerve. The dorsal root relays sensory information (thus has afferent axons).

The somatic nervous system is the voluntary nervous system and part of the peripheral nervous system. It is associated with voluntary skeletal muscle control over body movements and is associated with involuntary reflex arcs. The somatic nervous system consists of afferent (relay sensations to central nervous system) and efferent (relays commands from central nervous system to the body) nerves stimulating muscle contractions. Thus muscle contraction ceases when neural stimulation ceases.

The conus medullaris is the cone-shaped ending of the spinal cord and it is found at the level of the second lumbar vertebrae (L2). It is located superior to the cauda equina.

The cauda equina is the bottom of the conus medullaris. It extends from the conus medullaris and terminates at C0 vertebrae.

The Dorsal root is responsible for sensory information because it contains the somae of sensory neurons. The Ventral root, on the other hand, contains the somae of motor neurons and therefore is responsible for the motor division.

Receptive aphasia, the inability to understand language, is caused by ischemia to Wernicke's area. Wernicke's area is essential to incorporation of language and understanding. In contrast, Broca's area is used in language formation and speech. Someone with expressive aphasia, the inability to form words, has had damage to Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus.

The hippocampus is located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for memory formation. The amygdala is located in the brain interior and is responsible for aggression and libido. The globus pallidus is a subcortical structure that is responsible for initiating voluntary movement.

The cerebellum, located inferoposterior to the cerebrum, is the portion of the brain that controls balance and coordinated muscle movements.

The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes are all regions of the cerebrum. Each lobe is associated with different types of processing. The frontal lobe helps with motor integration and conscious thought. The temporal lobe is associated with memory and auditory integration. The parietal lobe is responsible for somatosensory inputs. The occipital lobe houses the visual cortex.