There is no superior lobe of the liver. There are four lobes and they are named as follows: quadrate, caudate, left, and right.

The esophagus enters the abdomen by piercing the diaphragm at the T10 vertebrae level. The esophagus is a muscular hollow tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach. It runs behind the trachea and heart and is located in front of the spine.

Except for the liver, all of the organs are retroperitoneal since they lie behind or are retro to the visceral peritoneum. The liver is an intraperitoneal organ. Intraperitoneal organs are moveable because they are completely surrounded by a visceral membrane. This membrane is known as a mesentery. The opposite of intraperitoneal organs are retroperitoneal organs, meaning they only have peritoneum located on the anterior side of the organ and cannot move.

The small intestine is divided into 3 parts, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first part, and thus receives bile from the liver and gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. The jejunum is the location of the small intestine where most of the digestion and absorption occurs.

The falciform ligament divides the liver into a right and left lobe. The round ligament is the inferior part of falciform ligament that is thick and round. The coronary ligament, caudate lobe, and quadrate lobe are all found on the posterior side of the liver, while the falciform ligament is found on the anterior side. 

Intraperitoneal organs are moveable because they are completely surrounded by a visceral membrane. This membrane is known as a mesentery. Examples of these organs include the stomach and the liver. The opposite of intraperitoneal organs are retroperitoneal organs. This means that the organs only have peritoneum located on their anterior side. All of the listed answer choices other than stomach and liver are retroperitoneal organs because they are not moveable and only have peritoneum lining the ventral side.

The epiploic foramen is not a part of the stomach. Rather, it is the opening of the lesser omentum, which leads to the lesser sac. The fundus is the first part of the stomach that stores food after it leaves the esophagus. The greater curvature is the boundary of the stomach that forms a long convex curve from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum.

Calyces are horn-shaped tubes that carry urine to the renal pelvis. The medulla is the inner part of the kidney that determines how concentrated urine is; the loop of Henle dips deep into the medulla to use the high osmolarity to drive the concentration of fluid in the renal tubule. The ureter is the muscular tube that connects the kidneys to the bladder. The cortex is where the blood is filtered in the glomerular capillaries.

The epithelia of the small and large intestine form glands called crypts located between villi. The crypts are a collection of cells including columnar secreting cells, goblet cells and stem cells. Stem cells are cells that are capable of self-renewal. They are not located in the muscular layer of the intestine or in any layer of the stomach or esophagus. 

The layers of the intestinal wall from the outermost to the inner most are: the adventitia, the muscularis propria, the submucosa and the mucosa. The mucosa contains  mostly epithelium, but also connective tissue known as the lamina propria. The adventitia contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves that nourish and innervate the other layers of the wall.