Human Anatomy and Physiology : Help with Endocrine Injuries and Disorders

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Example Questions

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Example Question #11 : Help With Endocrine Injuries And Disorders

A lack of dietary iodine can lead to __________.

Possible Answers:

hypothyroidism 

diabetes mellitus type I 

myasthenia gravis 

diabetes insipidus

hyperthyroidism 

Correct answer:

hypothyroidism 

Explanation:

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which too little thyroid hormone is secreted into the blood. There are various causes of hypothyroidism including atrophy of the gland, autoimmune destruction, and lack of dietary iodine. Myasthenia gravis is usually an autoimmune disease that affects skeletal muscles. Diabetes mellitus type I is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. Treatment involves insulin therapy. Diabetes insipidus is an endocrine disorder that is caused by decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone. 

Example Question #12 : Help With Endocrine Injuries And Disorders

A patient was diagnosed with a tumor (Cushing syndrome) that is causing an increased release of steroids into the body. Which of the following serum abnormalities will be observed? 

Possible Answers:

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

None of the other answers

Hypernatremia

Hypokalemia

Correct answer:

Hyponatremia

Explanation:

Cortisol (glucocorticoid) also has some aldosterone (mineralcoritcoid)-like effects on the kidneys. This patient has a tumor (Cushing syndrome) which increases steroids in the body. Thus, increased mimicry activity of aldosterone can lead lead to hyponatremia in this patient. 

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