The sequence is formed as follows:

All of the numbers in the sequence can be seen to be those formed only with 0's and 1's. The first two terms are all such one-digit numbers in descending order:

The next two terms are all such two-digit numbers, again in descending order:

The next four terms are all such three-digit numbers, again in descending order:

The next eight terms are all such four-digit numbers, again in descending order:

The missing term is 1101. This is confirmed by the order of other three four-digit numbers given in the sequence.

The sequence is one of sets. Note that in each term, the final element in each subsequent set increases by 1. Also note that each set comprises the set of all factors of its greatest element. Therefore, the missing set is the set that includes 7 and all of its other factors. Since 7 is a prime number, its set of factors is simply , making this the correct response.

The tank holds 16 gallons total, so when the gas gauge reads half full, there will be

gallons in the tank; this means that the car will have used up 8 gallons. The car gets 20 miles to the gallon, so the car will have traveled

.

The car will travel at a constant speed of 50 miles per hour. We can set  and  in the rate formula:

.

The car will leave at noon, so it will be between 3 PM and 4 PM when the gas gauge reads half full.

The tank holds 16 gallons total, so when the gas gauge reads one-fourth full, there will be

gallons in the tank; this means that the car will have used up 12 gallons. The car gets 25 miles to the gallon, so the car will have traveled

.

The car will travel at a constant speed of 65 miles per hour. We can set  and  in the rate formula:

The car will leave at noon, so the gas gauge will read one fourth full between 4 PM and 5 PM.

This is the sequence of all prime numbers - the natural numbers with exactly two factors, one and itself - in ascending order. After 19, the next two prime numbers are 23 and 27, making this the correct choice.

One gallon is equivalent to 4 quarts, so 16 gallons can be converted to quarts by multiplying by conversion factor 4:

One quart is equivalent to 2 pints, so  pints can be converted to quarts by dividing by conversion factor 2:

Added together:

,

the correct response.

One gallon is equivalent to 4 quarts, so gallons can be converted to quarts by multiplying by conversion factor 4:

One quart is equivalent to 2 pints, so 10 pints can be converted to quarts by dividing by conversion factor 2:

Added together:

,

the correct response.

One meter is equivalent to 100 centimeters, so  meters can be converted to centimeters by multiplying by conversion factor 100:

One centimeter is equivalent to 10 millimeters, so 50 millimeters can be converted to centimeters by dividing by conversion factor 10:

Add these quantities:

,

the correct response.

One meter is equivalent to 100 centimeters, so 2 meters can be converted to centimeters by multiplying by conversion factor 100:

One centimeter is equivalent to 10 millimeters, so millimeters can be converted to centimeters by dividing by conversion factor 10:

Add these quantities:

,

the correct answer.

One yard is equivalent to 3 feet, so  feet can be converted to yards by dividing by the conversion factor 3:

Also, one yard is equal to 36 inches, so 18 inches can be converted to yards by dividing by the conversion factor 36;

Add these quantities:

Rewriting with the least common denominator, which is 6:

,

the correct choice.