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High School Chemistry : Help with Rate-Determining Steps

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Example Question #1 : Help With Rate Determining Steps

Consider the following reaction:

$2NO_{2} + F_{2} \rightarrow 2NO_{2}F$ $\displaystyle 2NO_{2} + F_{2} \rightarrow 2NO_{2}F$

The above reaction is actually composed of two steps that take place at different rates:

1. $NO_{2} + F_{2} \rightarrow NO_{2}F + F$ $\displaystyle NO_{2} + F_{2} \rightarrow NO_{2}F + F$ (slow step)

2. $NO_{2} + F \rightarrow NO_{2}F$ $\displaystyle NO_{2} + F \rightarrow NO_{2}F$ (fast step)

Based on this, what is the rate law for the reaction?

Possible Answers:

$\displaystyle Rate=k[NO_2][F_2]^2$

$Rate = k[NO_{2}][F_{2}][F]$ $\displaystyle Rate = k[NO_{2}][F_{2}][F]$

$\displaystyle Rate=k[NO_2]^x[F_2]^y$

$Rate = k[NO_{2}]^{2}[F_{2}]$ $\displaystyle Rate = k[NO_{2}]^{2}[F_{2}]$

Correct answer:

$\displaystyle Rate=k[NO_2]^x[F_2]^y$

Explanation:

For reactions with multiple steps, the step with the slowest rate will determine the rate law. In this reaction, the slowest step is the first step, so the reactants in that step will be the components of the rate law.

The first step is written as:

$NO_{2} +F_{2} \rightarrow NO_{2}F + F$ $\displaystyle NO_{2} +F_{2} \rightarrow NO_{2}F + F$

Using the reactants, we can determine the rate law to be

$\displaystyle Rate=k[NO_2]^x[F_2]^y$

Note that we cannot determine the value of the exponents, since they will need to be found experimentally.

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Example Question #4 : Kinetics

The overall reaction can only proceed as quickly as the __________.

Possible Answers:

products are removed

rate-determining step

catalyst is added

intermediate is decomposed

Correct answer:

rate-determining step

Explanation:

The rate-determining step in a reaction mechanism is a kinetic bottleneck, in that it prevents the overall reaction from proceeding; thus, it is what determines how quickly the overall reaction can proceed.

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High School Chemistry : Help with Rate-Determining Steps

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for High School Chemistry

All High School Chemistry Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Help With Rate Determining Steps

Example Question #4 : Kinetics

All High School Chemistry Resources

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