The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a variety of functions. Proteins can be packaged and transported through the cell by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, as can other cellular components and materials. The membrane around the smooth endoplasmic reticulum can be used to create intracellular vesicles. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is also responsible for using these vesicles to interface with the plasma membrane, synthesizing phospholipids to repair and grow the membrane surface area. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also contains enzymes responsible for degrading inorganic toxins, such as alcohol and drugs. This organelle is especially prevalent in hepatocytes (liver cells) where the blood if filtered and toxins are removed for degradation.

Protein synthesis requires the action of ribosomes, which can be found in the cytosol or embedded in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

The question states that organelle A has more amino acids. This means that organelle A has more proteins than organelle B. Remember that rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is termed ‘rough’ because it contains ribosomes on its surface. These ribosomes give it a rough appearance under the microscope. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, therefore, rough ER will contain more proteins (and amino acids).

We cannot draw any conclusions about organelle B, since most organelles contain fewer amino acids and proteins than the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

The question states that the person has consumed too much alcohol, which means that the body must detoxify the chemicals from alcohol. You are therefore looking for the organelle that participates in detoxification of chemicals. In addition to synthesizing lipids, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in detoxification of chemicals. This detoxification process occurs in the liver, which contains an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and mitochondria are the site of energy (ATP) production.

Steroids are a type of lipid that include cholesterol (needed for cell membranes) and gonadal hormones (estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone). Since they are lipids, steroids are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the site of lipid synthesis.

Remember that smooth endoplasmic reticulum also plays a role in detoxification of harmful chemicals.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is used to produce proteins that will be secreted from the cell, including most peptide hormones. The Golgi apparatus is used to modify these proteins and create vesicles for protein transport. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular wastes.

The only possible answer choices are the Rough ER and Cytoplasm since proteins are synthesized in these two components. Proteins intended to be membranous are synthesized exclusively on the Rough ER. 

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is responsible for the detoxification of a number of organic chemicals. The smooth ER converts organic substances into water and other soluble products to allow for excretion. Large amounts of smooth ER are found in liver cells, where products of natural metabolism, drugs, and alcohol are detoxified. Fun fact: the smooth ER can double its surface area within a few days then return to its normal size once the assault has subsided. 

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is devoted almost exclusively to the manufacture of lipids, and in some cases the metabolism of lipids and their associated products. Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. It also carries out the metabolism of carbohydrates and drug detoxification. The smooth ER of the endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes, hence the name smooth ER.

The Golgi apparatus (body) sorts and ships proteins to the correct place. It does not produce proteins or enzymes, a type of protein. Rough ER and ribosomes produce proteins. The Golgi apparatus does not produce DNA, which is the genetic code produced in the process of replication, and occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins.  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids.  The conversion of DNA to RNA is called transcription but does not involve rough ER. Production of DNA is replication and occurs in the nucleus, as does transcription.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.  RNA synthesis occurs in transcription but does not involve Smooth ER.  Proteins are synthesized by Rough ER and ribosomes.  Water intake is regulated by vacuoles, which are present in a few animal cell types.