RNA and DNA both have the bases cytosine, guanine and adenine in common. In RNA, uracil is present in place of thymine which is found in DNA. 

There are two types of nucleotides in DNA, pyrimidines and purines. The purines are Adenine and Guanine. Pyrimidines are Thymine and Cytosine. In RNA, Thymine is replaced with Uracil. Purines pair with pyrimidines in a specific order, therefore Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine. Adenine pairs with Uracil only in RNA, not DNA.

Nucleic acids include DNA and all forms of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and htRNA). Note that the different types of RNA have the same base structure, but serve different functions. Messgener RNA (mRNA) is used as the template for protein translation. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acid residues to the ribosome during translation to aid in polypeptide elongation. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is used to form the structure of the ribosomal subunits. Heternuclear RNA (htRNA) is the original product of transcription, and is found in the nucleus prior to post-transcriptional modifications.

Glucose is a carbohydrate, and cholesterol is a lipid.

The nucleotides in DNA always pair the same way; A with T and G with C. This is due to the chemical structure of each base; adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds when pairing, and guanine and cytosine form three. The other important thing to remember is that there is a different nitrogen base in RNA called uracil; uracil is not found in DNA, so pay attention to which molecule the question is asking about.

During most of the cell cycle, DNA is found as chromatin. Chromatin is a mass of DNA and associated proteins. Depending on the state and activation of those proteins and on how tighly packed the DNA is around the proteins, certain genes can be turned on or off.

Chromosomes form from condensed chromatin only during mitosis (specifically during prophase), and are absent during most of the cell's cycle. Genes are units of heredity that encode the information needed to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins. The gene is the functional segment of DNA located at a specific place, or locus, on a chromosome. The cytoplasm is the material contained in the cell membrane and outside the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material. 

An operon is a segment of DNA that is under the control of a single promoter. For example, if there are three genes required for breaking down a sugar in an operon, they will all be activated together. This makes sense, as there is no sense in activating only one or two of these genes, since all three are required to break down the sugar. For example, the control element that turns on the operator can be the sugar itself. It should make sense that the genes required to break down a sugar are only turned on if that sugar is present.

Genes are expressed when their gene products are made, to do this transcription and translation must occur to synthesize the protein which is coded for by the DNA.

Synteny is the conservation of order of genes. Being able to see conserved blocks in genes when comparing two chromosomes of the same species, it indicates that at some time in evolutionary history, these blocks originated from a hypothetical common ancestor. Genes that are highly conserved among species are usually vital to the organism's viability. For example, the genes required for glycolysis to occur are required in almost all organisms.  

A chromosome is one molecule of DNA. It contains genetic information required for cell replication and the passing down of genetic information. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one chromosome per pair from the mother, and the other from the father.

Humans have 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes, which adds up to 46 chromosomes total. Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome (one from the mother, one from the father). A gamete is haploid, meaning it only contains one copy of each chromosome. The gametes (haploid) will fuse in a process known as fertilization in order to form a diploid zygote.