GRE Math : Data Analysis

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GRE Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #6 : Arithmetic Mean

A group of ten candy bars has an average cost of $0.89 per candy bar. How many bars must be bought at the cost of $0.72 a piece to bring the average down to $0.80?

Possible Answers:

8

11

11.25

5

12

Correct answer:

12

Explanation:

We know to begin with that for x candy bards:

x / 10 = 0.89; x = 8.90

We are trying to ascertain how many bars (y) must be added to this to amount to have an average of 0.80.  This is represented:

(8.9 + 0.72y) / (10 + y) = 0.8

8.9 + 0.72y = 0.8 (10 + y)

8.9 + 0.72y = 8 + 0.8y

8.9 – 8 = 0.8y - 0.72y

0.9 = 0.08y

y = 0.9 / 0.08 = 11.25

However, since we cannot have a partial amount of candy bars, we will have to buy 12.

Example Question #14 : Statistics

In a given translation project, three translators each took sections of a book to translate. The first translator took 15000 words, which he translated at a rate of 500 words per 20 minutes. The second translator took 200000 words, which he translated at a rate of 1250 words per half hour. The third took 10000 words, which he translated at a rate of 250 words per 15 minutes. In terms of words per hour, what was the overall average translation rate for this project?

Possible Answers:

750 words per hour

667 words per hour

1575 words per hour

1667 words per hour

2250 words per hour

Correct answer:

2250 words per hour

Explanation:

To find the answer, we need to know the total words and the total number of hours involved.  

The first is easy: 15000 + 200000 + 10000 = 225000 words

To ascertain the number of hours, we have to look at each translator separately. Although there are several ways to do this, let's consider it this way:

Translator 1 can translate at 500 words per 20 minutes OR 1500 words per hour.

Translator 2 can translate at 1250 words per half hour OR 2500 words per hour.

Translator 3 can translate at 250 words per 15 minutes OR 1000 words per hour.

Therefore, we know each translator took the following amount of time:

Translator 1: 15000 / 1500 = 10 hours

Translator 2: 200000 / 2500 = 80 hours

Translator 3: 10000 / 1000 = 10 hours

The total number of hours was therefore 10 + 80 + 10 = 100 hours.

The average rate was 225000 words/100 hours, or 2250 words per hour.

Example Question #15 : Statistics

A certain function takes the value 1 with probability 1/2, 2 with probability 1/3, and 3 with probability 1/6.  What is the mean value of the function?

Possible Answers:

2

8/9

7/3

3/2

5/3

Correct answer:

5/3

Explanation:

To find the mean or expected value, we multiply each value by its corresponding probability and add them up.  So the mean = 1(1/2) + 2(1/3) + 3(1/6) = 5/3.

Example Question #16 : Statistics

In the number set {12, 7, 2, 14, 12, 8, 9, 6, 11} f equals the mean, g equals the median, h equals the mode, and j equals the range.

Which statement is true?

Possible Answers:

j = f < g = h

h < j = f = g

f = g < j = h

j < g < h = f

f < g = h < j 

Correct answer:

f = g < j = h

Explanation:

The answer is f = g < j = h.

First rearrange the number set in a convenient form:

{2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 12, 14}

f = 9

g = 9 

h = 12

j = 12

Example Question #11 : How To Find Arithmetic Mean

In a regular 52-card deck of cards, what is the expected number of aces in a 5-card hand?

Possible Answers:

5/13

1/6

1/4

5/12

1/13

Correct answer:

5/13

Explanation:

There are 4 aces in the 52-card deck so the probability of dealing an ace is 4/52 = 1/13. In a 5-card hand, each card is equally likely to be an ace with probability 1/13. So together, the expected number of aces in a 5-card hand is 5 * 1/13 = 5/13.

Example Question #101 : Data Analysis

Quantitative Comparison

The average of five numbers is 72.

Quantity A: the sum of the five numbers

Quantity B: 350

Possible Answers:

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

Quantity A is greater.

The two quantities are equal.

Quantity B is greater.

Correct answer:

Quantity A is greater.

Explanation:

We know the formula here is average = sum / number of values.  Plugging in the values we have, 72 = sum / 5.  Then the sum = 72 * 5 = 360, so Quantity A is greater.

Example Question #12 : How To Find Arithmetic Mean

A special 4-sided dice has sides numbered 2, 4, 6, and 8.  It lands with the 2 face-up with probability 0.1, 4 face-up with probability 0.2, 6 face-up with probability 0.3, and 8 face-up with probability 0.4.  What is the expected value of the numbers that land face-up on the dice?

Possible Answers:

4

6

8

2

5

Correct answer:

6

Explanation:

To find the expected value, we multiply the number by its corresponding probability.  

expected value = 2(0.1) + 4(0.2) + 6(0.3) + 8(0.4) = 6

Example Question #13 : How To Find Arithmetic Mean

The average score on Betty's seven tests last semester was 85.  If her average score on the first six tests was 87, what was her score on the seventh test?

Possible Answers:

77

82

73

84

70

Correct answer:

73

Explanation:

sum for all 7 tests = 85 * 7 = 595

sum for first 6 tests = 87 * 6 = 522

score on 7th test = 595 – 522 = 73

Example Question #11 : Arithmetic Mean

The average of four numbers is 25. The average of three of these numbers is 20.

Quantity A: The value of the fourth number

Quantity B: 35

Possible Answers:

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

The two quantities are equal.

Quantity A is greater.

Quantity B is greater.

Correct answer:

Quantity A is greater.

Explanation:

Let's assume that the three numbers that average 20 are x, y, and z.  That means that the sum of x, y and z has to be 60. The average (in this case 20) is the sum of the numbers divided by the quantity of numbers (in this case 3). Thus the sum of the numbers must equal the average (in this case 20) times the number of numbers (in this case 3). Similarly the sum of x, y, z, and the fourth number have to equal 100. If x + y + z = 60 and x + y + z + 4th number = 100 then 4th number has to be 40 which is greater than Option B at 35.

Example Question #13 : How To Find Arithmetic Mean

Four groups of college students, consisting of 15, 20, 10, and 18 people respectively, discovered their average group weights to be 162, 148, 153, and 140, respectively. What is the average weight of all the students?

Possible Answers:

147

145

152

140

150

Correct answer:

150

Explanation:

We know average = sum / number of students.  Rearranging this formula gives sum = average * number of students. So to find the total average, we need to add up the four groups' sums and divide by the total number of students.

average = (15 * 162 + 20 * 148 + 10 * 153 + 18 * 140) / (15 + 20 + 10 + 18) = 150

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