GMAT Math : Arithmetic

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #6 : Ratio & Proportions

In a certain classroom all of the students are either sophomores or juniors. The number of boys and girls in the classroom are equal. Of the girls,  are sophomores, and there are 24 junior boys. If the number of junior boys in the classroom are in the same proportion to the total amount of boys as the number of sophomore girls are to the total number of girls, how many students are in the classroom?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

This question seems convoluted but is actually more simple than it seems. We are told that the number of girls and boys in the classroom are equal and that  of the girls are sophomores. We are then told that 24 of the boys are juniors, and that they represent a proportion of total boys equal to the proportion of sophomore girls to total girls. This means that:

 

  ==>       where  is the total number of boys.

If we know that the number of boys and girls in the class are equal, then the total number of students in the class = 112.

Example Question #1 : Ratio & Proportions

The Duchy of Grand Fenwick uses an unusual currency system. It takes 24 tiny fenwicks to make a big fenwick. 

At current exchange rates, 1 big fenwick can be exchanged for $3.26 American currency. For how much in Grand Fenwick currency can an American tourist exchange $300 (rounded to the nearest tiny fenwick)?

Possible Answers:

None of the other choices gives the correct amount of currency.

296 big fenwicks and 16 tiny fenwicks

40 big fenwicks and 18 tiny fenwicks

92 big fenwicks and 1 tiny fenwick

108 big fenwicks and 16 tiny fenwicks

Correct answer:

92 big fenwicks and 1 tiny fenwick

Explanation:

$3.26 can be exchanged for 1 big fenwick, or, equivalently, 24 tiny fenwicks. We can set up a proportion statement, where  is the number of tiny fenwicks for which $300 can be exchanged:

Solve for :

 

The answer is 2,209 tiny fenwicks, which can be counted up with division:

or 92 big fenwicks and 1 tiny fenwick.

Example Question #151 : Arithmetic

Five different pizza places offer five different specials. Assuming that all of these pizzas are of the same thickness and that all are of the same quality, which of the following is the best buy?

Possible Answers:

A 9 inch by 9 inch square pizza for $6.99

A 10 inch by 10 inch square pizza for $7.99

A round pizza 10 inches in diameter for $5.99

A 12 inch by 8 inch rectangular pizza for $9.99

A round pizza 12 inches in diameter for $8.99

Correct answer:

A round pizza 10 inches in diameter for $5.99

Explanation:

Since all of the pizzas are of the same thickness and quality, to determine the best bargain, calculate the price per square inch of each. The least amount will mark the best bargain.

Edit this later

A round pizza 10 inches in diameter for $5.99:

The area of the pizza in square inches is   

The cost per square inch:   or 7.6 cents

 

A round pizza 12 inches in diameter for $8.99

The area of the pizza in square inches is 

The cost per square inch:   or 7.9 cents

 

A 9 inch by 9 inch square pizza for $6.99

The area of the pizza in square inches is 

The cost per square inch:   or 8.6 cents 

 

A 10 inch by 10 inch square pizza for $7.99

The area of the pizza in square inches is 

The cost per square inch:  or 8.0 cents

 

A 12 inch by 8 inch rectangular pizza for $9.99:

The area of the pizza in square inches is 

The cost per square inch:   or 10.4 cents

 

The round pizza 10 inches in diameter for $5.99 is the best buy.

Example Question #152 : Arithmetic

A fathom is a unit of underwater depth equal to six feet. 

Express two miles in fathoms.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Multiply 2 miles by 5,280 feet per mile, then divide by 6 feet per fathom:

Example Question #153 : Arithmetic

A furlong is a measure of length used in horse racing. Eight furlongs are equal to one mile.

Express 20 furlongs in feet.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Divide 20 furlongs by 8 furlongs per mile, then multiply by 5,280 feet per mile.

Example Question #154 : Arithmetic

127 people signed up for a subscription service. 45 signed up for weekly deliveries, 34 for monthly deliveries, and the rest for annual deliveries. What is the ratio of weekly subscribers to annual subscribers?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Let's first find the number of annual subscribers:

The ratio of weekly subscribers to annual subscribers is therefore .

Example Question #14 : Ratio & Proportions

A clothing store is having a sales for the holiday season. They mark down all items by . What is the sales price of a suit whose original price is ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We start by finding the value of the mark down:

Therefore, the mark down is 43.8% or 0.438, which means that the new price of the suit is:

Example Question #11 : Ratio & Proportions

Noah and Lilly both work for Company ABC. Lilly earns  more than Noah, and each year every employee gets a  salary increase. In 2012, Noah's salary was .

What was Lilly's salary in 2013?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

We start by finding Lilly's salary in 2012:

$60,000 x 1.20 = $60,000 + $12,000 = $72,000

Then we account for the annual 10% increase to find Lilly's salary in 2013:

$72,000 x 1.10 = $72,000 + $7,200 = $79,200

So Lilly's salary in 2013 was $79,200.

Example Question #11 : Ratio & Proportions

Company sells  liters of soda for , and Company sells  liters of soda for .

If the amount of soda sold per dollar is the same for each company, what is ?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Since the amount of soda per dollar is the same for each company, we can equate the 2 ratios

And solve

(Cross multiply)

Example Question #12 : Ratio & Proportions

Ms. Lopez earned $236.25 after working 15 hours last week. At this rate, how much will she have earned if she works 25 hours?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The first thing we must do is set up our equation. We do this by writing our earnings to hours worked ratio:

where  represents her earnings after working 25 hours.

We can then solve this equation for .

Then, 

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