GMAT Math : Arithmetic

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #141 : Arithmetic

Jill buys a new tablet for \(\displaystyle \$156.45\). If she used a coupon and received \(\displaystyle \$35\) off of the original price, what was the percent discount she received?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 18.3\%\)

\(\displaystyle 35.5\%\)

\(\displaystyle 22.4\%\)

\(\displaystyle 77.6\%\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 18.3\%\)

Explanation:

Jill buys a new tablet for \(\displaystyle \$156.45\). If she used a coupon and received \(\displaystyle \$35\) off of the original price, what was the percent discount she received?

So, to find percent discount, we need to calculate the original price. 

\(\displaystyle 156.45+35=191.45\)

Then, we need to find the percent of the discount. To do so, simply divide the amount of the discount by the original amount, then multiply by 100

\(\displaystyle \frac{35}{191.45}*100=18.3\%\)

Example Question #61 : Percents

\(\displaystyle 12\%\) of a certain number is \(\displaystyle 138\). What is the number? 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 11.5\)

\(\displaystyle 126\)

\(\displaystyle 1656\)

\(\displaystyle 1150\)

\(\displaystyle 16.56\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 1150\)

Explanation:

Here, we need to first convert the percent into a fraction. Then, we will solve the equation. \(\displaystyle 12\%=\frac{12}{100}.\) Our number is unknown, so I will call it \(\displaystyle x.\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{12x}{100}=138.\)  \(\displaystyle x=\frac{138*100}{12}=1150.\)

Example Question #61 : Calculating Percents

Given a number \(\displaystyle x\), which of these is the greatest quantity of the three?

(a) 30% of 40% of 50% of \(\displaystyle x\)

(b) 40% of 50% of 30% of \(\displaystyle x\)

(c) 50% of 30% of 40% of \(\displaystyle x\)

Possible Answers:

40% of 50% of 30% of \(\displaystyle x\)

50% of 30% of 40% of \(\displaystyle x\)

30% of 40% of 50% of \(\displaystyle x\)

It is impossible to tell without knowing the value of \(\displaystyle x\)

All three are equal to one another

Correct answer:

All three are equal to one another

Explanation:

All three are equal.

 

30% of 40% of 50% of \(\displaystyle x\) is \(\displaystyle \frac{3}{10}\) of \(\displaystyle \frac{2}{5}\) of \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\) of \(\displaystyle x\): that is, \(\displaystyle \frac{3}{10} \cdot\frac{2}{5}\cdot\frac{1}{2} \cdot x = \frac{6}{100} x\)

 

40% of 50% of 30% of \(\displaystyle x\) is \(\displaystyle \frac{2}{5}\) of \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\) of \(\displaystyle \frac{3}{10}\) of \(\displaystyle x\): that is, \(\displaystyle \frac {2}{5} \cdot\frac{1}{2} \cdot\ \frac{3}{10} \cdot x = \frac{6}{100} x\)

 

 50% of 30% of 40% of \(\displaystyle x\) is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\) of \(\displaystyle \frac{3}{10}\) of \(\displaystyle \frac{2}{5}\) of \(\displaystyle x\): that is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \cdot\ \frac{3}{10} \cdot \frac {2}{5} \cdot x = \frac{6}{100} x\)

Example Question #1 : Calculating Ratio And Proportion

The ratio 4 to \frac{1}{4}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}\) is equal to which of the following ratios?

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} \small 12\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 12\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\)

\dpi{100} \small 6\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 6\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\)

\dpi{100} \small 16\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 16\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\)

\dpi{100} \small 8\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 8\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\)

\dpi{100} \small 16\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 16\) to \dpi{100} \small 3\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 3\)

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} \small 16\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 16\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\)

Explanation:

The ratio \dpi{100} \small 4\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 4\) to \frac{1}{4}\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}\) is equal to \frac{4}{\frac{1}{4}}\(\displaystyle \frac{4}{\frac{1}{4}}\) which is  4\left ( \frac{4}{1} \right )= 16\(\displaystyle 4\left ( \frac{4}{1} \right )= 16\).

\dpi{100} \small 16\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 16\) can be written as the ratio \dpi{100} \small 16\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 16\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\).

Example Question #2 : Calculating Ratio And Proportion

The annual budget for a road construction project is $25,200 budgeted equally over 12 months. If by the end of the third month the actual expenses have been $7,420, how much has the construction project gone over budget?

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} \small \$ 1120\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \$ 1120\)

\dpi{100} \small \$3340\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \$3340\)

\dpi{100} \small \$ 980\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \$ 980\)

\dpi{100} \small \$1640\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \$1640\)

\dpi{100} \small \$2150\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \$2150\)

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} \small \$ 1120\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \$ 1120\)

Explanation:

The monthly budget is found by:

\frac{25,200}{12}=2,100\(\displaystyle \frac{25,200}{12}=2,100\)

which for 3 months is a budget of:

2,100\cdot 3= 6,300\(\displaystyle 2,100\cdot 3= 6,300\)

To find out how much they are over budget the budgeted amount is subtracted from the actual expenses.
7,420 - 6,300 = 1,120\(\displaystyle 7,420 - 6,300 = 1,120\)

Example Question #1 : Ratio & Proportions

The ratio \dpi{100} \small 3\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 3\) to \dpi{100} \small \frac{1}{2}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \frac{1}{2}\) is equal to the ratio:

Possible Answers:

\dpi{100} \small 5\ to\ 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 5\ to\ 1\)

\dpi{100} \small 6\ to\ 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 6\ to\ 1\)

\dpi{100} \small 3\ to\ 2\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 3\ to\ 2\)

\dpi{100} \small 2\ to\ 3\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 2\ to\ 3\)

\dpi{100} \small 1\ to\ 6\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\ to\ 6\)

Correct answer:

\dpi{100} \small 6\ to\ 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 6\ to\ 1\)

Explanation:

The ratio \dpi{100} \small 3\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 3\) to \dpi{100} \small \frac{1}{2}\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \frac{1}{2}\) is the same as \dpi{100} \small \frac{3}{\frac{1}{2}}=3\times \frac{2}{1}=6\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small \frac{3}{\frac{1}{2}}=3\times \frac{2}{1}=6\),
which equals a ratio of \dpi{100} \small 6\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 6\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\).

Also, if you double both sides of the ratio, you get \dpi{100} \small 6\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 6\) to \dpi{100} \small 1\(\displaystyle \dpi{100} \small 1\)

Example Question #1 : Ratio & Proportions

Nishita has necklaces, bracelets, and rings in a ratio of 7:5:4. If she has 64 jewelry items total, how many bracelets does she have?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 16\)

\(\displaystyle 20\)

\(\displaystyle 5\)

\(\displaystyle 28\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 20\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle 7x + 5x+4x= 64\)

\(\displaystyle 16x=64\)

\(\displaystyle x=4\)

bracelets: \(\displaystyle 5x=5(4)=20\)

Example Question #4 : Calculating Ratio And Proportion

A box contains red and blue marbles.  The probablity of picking a red is \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\).  There are 30 blue marbles.  How many total marbles are there?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 50\)

\(\displaystyle 90\)

\(\displaystyle 45\)

\(\displaystyle 40\)

\(\displaystyle 60\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 45\)

Explanation:

If \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\) are red, then \(\displaystyle \frac{2}{3}\) are blue, and the number of blue marbles can be written as

\(\displaystyle blue=\frac{2}{3}*total marbles\)

Plug in the number of blue marbles, 30, and solve for the total marbles.

\(\displaystyle 30 = \frac{2}{3}*total\rightarrow total = \frac{30}{\frac{2}{3}} =45 marbles\)

Example Question #5 : Calculating Ratio And Proportion

On a map, one and a half inches represents sixty actual miles. In terms of \(\displaystyle N\), what distance in actual miles is represented by \(\displaystyle N\) inches on the map?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{40 }{N}\; \textrm{mi}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{90 }{N}\; \textrm{mi}\)

\(\displaystyle 40N \; \textrm{mi}\)

\(\displaystyle 90N \; \textrm{mi}\)

\(\displaystyle 45N \; \textrm{mi}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 40N \; \textrm{mi}\)

Explanation:

Let \(\displaystyle x\) be the number of actual miles. Then the proportion statement to be set up, with each ratio being number of actual miles to number of map inches, is:

\(\displaystyle \frac{60}{1\tfrac{1}{2}} = \frac{x}{N}\)

Simplify the left expression and solve for \(\displaystyle x\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{N} = \frac{60}{1\tfrac{1}{2}} = 60 \div \frac{3}{2} =60 \cdot \frac{2}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{x}{N} = 40\)

\(\displaystyle x = 40N\)

Example Question #6 : Calculating Ratio And Proportion

The Kingdom of Zenda uses an unusual currency system. It takes 16 kronkheits to make a grotnik and 12 grotniks to make a gazoo. 

At current, $1 can be exchanged for 8 grotniks and 8 kronkheits. For how much American currency can a visitor from Zenda exchange a 100-gazoo bill, to the nearest cent? 

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \$ 70.83\)

\(\displaystyle \$ 141.18\)

None of the other choices is the correct amount.

\(\displaystyle \$ 85.00\)

\(\displaystyle \$ 11.76\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \$ 141.18\)

Explanation:

$1 can be exchanged for 8 grotniks and 8 kronkheits, or, equivalently, 8.5 grotniks  (8 kronkheits is one-half of a grotnik). 100 gazoos is equal to \(\displaystyle 100 \cdot 12 = 1,200\) grotniks. Therefore, if \(\displaystyle D\) is the number of dollars that can be exchanged for the 100-gazoo bill, we can set up the proportion:

\(\displaystyle \frac{D}{1,200} = \frac{1}{8.5}\)

Solve for \(\displaystyle D\):

\(\displaystyle \frac{D}{1,200} \cdot 1,200 = \frac{1}{8.5}\cdot 1,200\)

\(\displaystyle D = \frac{1,200}{8.5} \approx 141.18\)

That is, the 100-gazoo bill can be exchanged for $141.18.

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