GMAT Math : DSQ: Calculating an angle of a line

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Example Question #1 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

What is the measure of $\angle 1$ ?

Statement 1: $\angle 1$ is complementary to an angle that measures $48 ^{\circ }$ .

Statement 2: $\angle 1$ is adjacent to an angle that measures $42 ^{\circ }$ .

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Complementary angles have degree measures that total $90 ^{\circ }$ , so the measure of an angle complementary to a $48 ^{\circ }$ angle would have measure $(90-48)^{\circ } = 42 ^{\circ }$ . If Statement 1 is assumed, then $m \angle 1= 42 ^{\circ }$ .

Statement 2 gives no useful information. Adjacent angles do not have any numerical relationship; they simply share a ray and a vertex.

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Example Question #2 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Lines

Note: Figure NOT drawn to scale.

Refer to the above diagram.

What is the measure of $\angle FCB$ ?

Statement 1: $m \angle FBC = 43 ^{\circ }$

Statement 2: $m \angle DCG = 43 ^{\circ }$

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

If we only know that $m \angle FBC = 43 ^{\circ }$ , then we cannot surmise anything from the diagram about the measure of $\angle FCB$ . But $\angle FCB$ and $\angle DCG$ are vertical angles, which must be congruent, so if we know $m \angle DCG = 43 ^{\circ }$ , then $\angle FCB= 43 ^{\circ }$ also.

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Example Question #3 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

$\angle 1$ and $\angle2$ are supplementary angles. Which one has the greater measure?

Statement 1: $m \angle 1 < 100$

Statement 2: $\angle2$ is an obtuse angle.

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

By definition, if $\angle 1$ and $\angle2$ are supplementary angles, then $m\angle 1 + m\angle 2 = 180$ .

If Statement 1 is assumed and $m \angle 1 < 100$ , then $m\angle 2 > 80$ . This does not answer our question, since, for example, it is possible that $m \angle 1 = 91$ and $m \angle 2 = 89$ , or vice versa.

If Statement 2 is assumed, then $m\angle 2 > 90$ , and subsequently, $m \angle 1 < 90$ ; by transitivity, $m\angle 2 > m\angle 1$ .

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Example Question #11 : Lines

Lines_3

Note: Figure NOT drawn to scale.

Refer to the above diagram. What is the measure of $\angle 1$ ?

Statement 1: $m \angle 1 = 30 ^{\circ } + 2 \cdot m \angle 2$

Statement 2: $\angle 3$ is a $130 ^{\circ }$ angle.

Possible Answers:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone. Since $\angle 1$ and $\angle 2$ form a linear pair, their measures total $180^{\circ }$ . Therefore, this fact, along with Statement 1, form a system of linear equations, which can be solved as follows:

$m \angle 1 = 30 ^{\circ } + 2 \cdot m \angle 2$

$m \angle 1+ m \angle 2 = 180^{\circ }$

The second equation can be rewritten as

$m \angle 2= 180^{\circ } - m \angle 1$

and a substitution can be made:

$m \angle 1 = 30 ^{\circ } + 2 \cdot ( 180^{\circ } - m \angle 1)$

$m \angle 1 = 30 ^{\circ } + 360^{\circ } - 2 \cdot m \angle 1$

$m \angle 1 = 390^{\circ } - 2 \cdot m \angle 1$

$m \angle 1 + 2 \cdot m \angle 1 = 390^{\circ } - 2 \cdot m \angle 1 + 2 \cdot m \angle 1$

$3 \cdot m \angle 1 = 390^{\circ }$

$3 \cdot m \angle 1 \div 3 = 390^{\circ } \div 3$

$m \angle 1 = 130^{\circ }$

Assume Statement 2 alone. $\angle 1$ and $\angle 3$ are a pair of vertical angles, which have the same measure, so $m \angle 1=m \angle 3 = 130^{\circ }$ .

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Example Question #1 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Lines_4

Note: You may assume that and are not parallel lines, but you may not assume that and are parallel lines unless it is specifically stated.

Refer to the above diagram. Is the sum of the measures of $\angle ADC$ and $\angle DCB$ less than, equal to, or greater than $180^{\circ }$ ?

Statement 1: $m \angle 1 + m \angle 6 = 181^{\circ }$

Statement 2: $m \angle 7 + m \angle 12 = 179^{\circ }$

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone. $\angle ADC$ and $\angle 1$ form a linear pair of angles, so their measures total $180^{\circ }$ ; the same holds for $\angle DCB$ and $\angle 6$ . Therefore,

$m \angle 1 + m \angle ADC = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 6 + m \angle DBC = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1 +m \angle ADC+ m \angle 6 + m \angle DBC = 180^{\circ } + 180^{\circ }$

$( m \angle ADC+ m \angle DBC) + (m \angle 1 +m \angle 6 )=360^{\circ }$

$( m \angle ADC+ m \angle DBC) +181^{\circ }=360^{\circ }$

$m \angle ADC+ m \angle DBC=179^{\circ } < 180^{\circ }$

Assume Statement 2 alone. $\angle 12$ and $\angle DAB$ form a linear pair of angles, so their measures total $180^{\circ }$ ; the same holds for $\angle 7$ and $\angle ABC$ . Therefore,

$m \angle 12 + m \angle DAB= 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle7 + m \angle ABC= 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 12 +m \angle DAB + m \angle 7 + m \angle ABC= 180^{\circ } + 180^{\circ }$

$( m \angle DAB+ m \angle ABC) + (m \angle 7 +m \angle 12 )=360^{\circ }$

$( m \angle DAB+ m \angle ABC) + 179^{\circ } =360^{\circ }$

$m \angle DAB+ m \angle ABC =181^{\circ }$

$\angle DAB$ , $\angle ABC$ , $\angle DCB$ , and $\angle ADC$ are the four angles of Quadrilateral ABCD , so their degree measures total 360. Therefore,

$m \angle ADC+ m \angle DCB + \left (m \angle DAB+ m \angle ABC \right ) =360^{\circ }$

$m \angle ADC+ m \angle DCB + 181 ^{\circ } =360^{\circ }$

$m \angle ADC+ m \angle DCB =179^{\circ }< 180^{\circ }$

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Example Question #6 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Find the angle made by f(x) and the -axis.

I) f(x) goes through the origin and the point (4,4) .

II) f(x) makes a degree angle between itself and the -axis.

Possible Answers:

Both statements are needed to answer the question.

Statement II is sufficient to answer the question, but statement I is not sufficient to answer the question.

Either statement is sufficient to answer the question.

Neither statement is sufficient to answer the question. More information is needed.

Statement I is sufficient to answer the question, but statement II is not sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Either statement is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

To find the angle of the line, recall that each quadrant has 90 degrees

I) Tells us that the line has a slope of one. This means that if we make a triangle using our line, the x-axis and a line coming up from the x-axis at 90 degrees we will have a 45/45/90 triangle. Therefore, I) tells us that our angle is 45 degrees.

II) Tells us that the line makes a 45 degree angle between itself and the y-axis. Therefore:

$\theta=90^{\circ}-45^{\circ}=45^{\circ}$

Therfore, we could use either statement.

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Example Question #7 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Lines_3

Note: Figure NOT drawn to scale.

Refer to the above diagram. What is the measure of $\angle 1$ ?

Statement 1: $m \angle 3+ m \angle 6 = 132^{\circ }$

Statement 2: $m \angle 1+ m \angle 4 = 140^{\circ }$

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone. $\angle 3$ and $\angle 6$ are a pair of vertical angles and are therefore congruent, so the statement

$m \angle 3+ m \angle 6 = 132^{\circ }$

can be rewritten as

$m \angle 3+ m \angle3 = 132^{\circ }$

$2 \cdot m \angle3 = 132^{\circ }$

$m \angle3 = 66^{\circ }$

$\angle 1$ , $\angle 2$ , and $\angle 3$ together form a straight angle, so their measures total $180^{\circ }$ ; therefore,

$m \angle 1+m \angle2+ m \angle 3 = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1+m \angle2+ 66 ^{\circ } = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1+m \angle2 = 114^{\circ }$

But without further information, the measure of $\angle 1$ cannot be calculated.

Assume Statement 2 alone. $\angle 1$ and $\angle 4$ are a pair of vertical angles and are therefore congruent, so the statement

$m \angle 1+ m \angle 4 = 140^{\circ }$

can be rewritten as

$m \angle 1+ m \angle 1 = 140^{\circ }$

$2 \cdot m \angle 1 = 140^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1 = 70^{\circ }$

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Example Question #21 : Lines

Lines_3

Note: Figure NOT drawn to scale.

Refer to the above figure. Evaluate $m \angle 1 + m \angle 2$ .

Statement 1: $\angle 4$ and $\angle 5$ are complementary.

Statement 2: $OD \cdot \sqrt{2} = OE$

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone. $\angle 5$ and $\angle 6$ are vertical from $\angle 1$ and $\angle 2$ , respectively, so $m \angle 1 = m \angle 2$ and $m \angle 2 = m \angle 6$ . $\angle 5$ and $\angle 6$ form a complementary pair, so, by definition

$m \angle 5 + m \angle 6 = 90^{\circ}$

and by substitution,

$m \angle 1 + m \angle 2 = 90^{\circ}$ .

Assume Statement 2 alone. Since $\bigtriangleup ODE$ is a right triangle whose hypotenuse is $\sqrt{2}$ times as long as a leg, it follows that $\bigtriangleup ODE$ is a 45-45-90 triangle, so $m \angle DOE = 45^{\circ }$ .

$\angle 1$ , $\angle 2$ , $\angle 3$ , and $\angle DOE$ together form a straight angle, so their degree measures total $180^{\circ }$ .

$m \angle 1 + m \angle 2+ m \angle 3+m \angle DOE = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1 + m \angle 2+ m \angle 3+ 45^{\circ } = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1 + m \angle 2+ m \angle 3 = 135^{\circ }$

But without further information, the sum of the degree measures of only $\angle 1$ and $\angle 2$ cannot be calculated.

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Example Question #22 : Lines

Lines_3

Note: Figure NOT drawn to scale.

Refer to the above diagram. What is the measure of $\angle 1$ ?

Statement 1: $\angle 6$ is a $54 ^{\circ }$ angle.

Statement 2: $\angle 2 \cong \angle 3$

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Statement 1 alone gives insufficient information to find the measure of $\angle 1$ .

$\angle 6$ , $\angle 1$ , and $\angle 2$ together form a $180^{\circ }$ angle; therefore,

$m \angle 1+m \angle2+ m \angle 6 = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 6 = 54^{\circ }$ , so by substitution,

$m \angle 1+m \angle2+ 54^{\circ } = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1+m \angle2= 126^{\circ }$

But with no further information, the measure of $\angle 1$ cannot be calculated.

Statement 2 alone gives insufficient information for a similar reason. $\angle 1$ , $\angle 2$ , and $\angle 3$ together form a $180^{\circ }$ angle; therefore,

$m \angle 1+m \angle2+ m \angle 3 = 180^{\circ }$

Since $\angle 2 \cong \angle 3$ , we can rewrite this statement as

$m \angle 1+m \angle2+ m \angle 2 = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1+2 \cdot m \angle2 = 180^{\circ }$

Again, with no further information, the measure of $\angle 1$ cannot be calculated.

Assume both statements to be true. $\angle 2$ and $\angle 6$ are a pair of vertical angles, so $\angle 2 \cong \angle 6$ , and $m \angle 2 = m \angle 6 = 54^{\circ }$ . Since $\angle 2 \cong \angle 3$ , then $m \angle 3 = m \angle 2 = 54^{\circ }$ . Also,

$m \angle 1+m \angle2+ m \angle 3 = 180^{\circ }$

By substitution,

$m \angle 1+ 54^{\circ }+ 54^{\circ } = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1+108^{\circ } = 180^{\circ }$

$m \angle 1=72^{\circ }$

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Example Question #23 : Lines

Lines_4

Note: You may assume that and are not parallel lines, but you may not assume that and are parallel lines unless it is specifically stated.

Refer to the above diagram. Is the sum of the measures of $\angle ADC$ and $\angle DCB$ less than, equal to, or greater than $180^{\circ }$ ?

Statement 1: There exists a point such that lies on $\overline{ZD}$ and lies on $\overline{ZC}$ .

Statement 2: Quadrilateral ABCD is not a trapezoid.

Possible Answers:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone. Since $\overline{ZD}$ exists and includes , $\overleftrightarrow{ZD}$ and $\overleftrightarrow{DA}$ are one and the same—and this is . Similarly, $\overleftrightarrow{ZC}$ is . This means that and have a point of intersection, which is . Since falls between and and falls between and , the lines intersect on the side of that includes points and . By Euclid's Fifth Postulate, the sum of the measures of $\angle ADC$ and $\angle DCB$ is less than $180^{\circ }$ .

Assume Statement 2 alone. Since it is given that $t \nparallel u$ , the other two sides, $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{BC}$ are parallel if and only if Quadrilateral ABCD is a trapezoid, which it is not. Therefore, $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{BC}$ are not parallel, and the sum of the degree measures of same-side interior angles $\angle ADC$ and $\angle DCB$ is not equal to $180^{\circ }$ . However, without further information, it is impossible to determine whether the sum of the measures is less than or greater than $180^{\circ }$ .

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GMAT Math : DSQ: Calculating an angle of a line

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Example Question #1 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Example Question #2 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Example Question #3 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Example Question #11 : Lines

Example Question #1 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Example Question #6 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Example Question #7 : Dsq: Calculating An Angle Of A Line

Example Question #21 : Lines

Example Question #22 : Lines

Example Question #23 : Lines

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