GMAT Math : Geometry

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Dsq: Calculating The Length Of The Side Of An Equilateral Triangle

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ABC is an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle. What is the length of side AB?

(1) The area of the circle is 

(2) The perimeter of triangle ABC is 

Possible Answers:

Statment 2 alone is sufficient

Statements 1 and 2 together are not sufficient

Both statements together are sufficient

Statement 1 alone is sufficient

Each statement alone is sufficient

Correct answer:

Each statement alone is sufficient

Explanation:

To find the length of the side, we would need to know anything about the lengths in the circle or in the triangle.

From statement 1, we can find the radius of the circle, which allows us to calculate the height of the triangle, since the radius is  of the height. And finally since the triangle is equilateral, we can also calculate the length of the sides from the height.

Therefore statement 1 is sufficient.

 

Statement 2 also gives us useful information, indeed the perimeter is simply three times the length of the sides.

Therefore the final answer is each statement alone is sufficient.

Example Question #2 : Dsq: Calculating The Length Of The Side Of An Equilateral Triangle

Find the side length of .

I)  has perimeter of .

II)  is equal to  which is .

Possible Answers:

Either statement is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement II is sufficient to answer the question, but statement I is not sufficient to answer the question.

Statement I is sufficient to answer the question, but statement II is not sufficient to answer the question.

Neither statement is sufficient to answer the question. More information is needed.

Both statements are needed to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Both statements are needed to answer the question.

Explanation:

I) Tells us the perimeter of the triangle. 

II) Tells us that FHT is an equilateral triangle.

Taking these statements together we are able to find the side length by dividing the perimeter from statement I, by 3 since all side lengths of an equilateral are the same by statement II.

 

 

Example Question #1 : Dsq: Calculating The Length Of The Side Of An Equilateral Triangle

Given equilateral triangle  and right triangle , which, if either, is longer,   or  ?

Statement 1: 

Statement 2:  is a right angle.

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone. Since all three sides of  are congruent - specifically,  - and , it follows by transitivity that . However, no information is given as to whether  has length greater then, equal to, or less than , so which of  and , if either, is the longer cannot be answered.

Assume Statement 2 alone. Since  is the right angle of  is the hypotenuse and this the longest side, so  and . However, no comparisons with the sides of  can be made.

Now assume both statements are true.  as a consequence of Statement 1, and  as a consequence of Statement 2, so .

Example Question #55 : Triangles

What is the length of side  of equilateral triangle  ?

Statement 1:  is a diagonal of Rectangle  with area 30.

Statement 2:  is a diagonal of Square  with area 36.

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

An equilateral triangle has three sides of equal measure, so if the length of any one of the three sides can be determined, the lengths of all three can be as well.

Assume Statement 1 alone.  is a diagonal of a rectangle of area 30. However, neither the length nor the width can be determined, so the length of this segment cannot be determined with certainty.

Assume Statement 2 alone. A square with area 36 has sidelength the square root of this, or 6; its diagonal, which is , has length  times this, or . This is also the length of .

 

Example Question #5 : Dsq: Calculating The Length Of The Side Of An Equilateral Triangle

What is the length of side  of equilateral triangle  ?

Statement 1: , and  are all located on a circle with area .

Statement 2: The midpoints of all three sides are located on a circle with circumference .

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

We demonstrate that either statement alone yields sufficient information by noting that the circle that includes all three vertices of a triangle - described in Statement 1 - is its circumscribed circle, and that the circle that includes all three midpoints of the sides of an equilateral triangle - described in Statement 2 - is its inscribed circle. We examine this figure below, which shows the triangle, both circles, and the three altitudes:

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The three altitudes intersect at , which divides each altitude into two segments whose lengths have ratio 2:1.  is the center of both the circumscribed circle, whose radius is , and the inscribed circle, whose radius is .

Therefore, from Statement 1 alone and the area formula for a circle, we can find  from the area  of the circumscribed circle:

From Statement 2 alone and the circumference formula for a cicle, we can find  from the circumference  of the inscribed circle:

By symmetry,  is a 30-60-90 triangle, and either way, , and .

Example Question #5 : Dsq: Calculating The Length Of The Side Of An Equilateral Triangle

Given two equilateral triangles  and , which, if either, is greater,  or  ?

Statement 1: 

Statement 2: 

Possible Answers:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

An equilateral triangle has three sides of equal length, so  and .

Assume Statement 1 alone. Since , then, by substitution, .

Assume Statement 2 alone. Since , it follows that , and again by substitution, .

Example Question #7 : Dsq: Calculating The Length Of The Side Of An Equilateral Triangle

You are given two equilateral triangles  and .

Which, if either, is greater,  or  ?

Statement 1: The perimeters of  and  are equal.

Statement 2: The areas of  and are equal.

Possible Answers:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone, and let  be the common perimeter of the triangles. Since an equilateral triangle has three sides of equal length,  and , so .

Assume Statement 2 alone, and let  be the common area of the triangles. Using the area formula for an equilateral triangle, we can note that:

 and ,  

so

.

Example Question #11 : Dsq: Calculating The Length Of The Side Of An Equilateral Triangle

Given equilateral triangle  and right triangle , which, if either, is longer,   or  ?

Statement 1: 

Statement 2: 

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone. Since all three sides of  are congruent - specifically,  - and , it follows by transitivity that . However, no information is given as to whether  has length greater than, equal to, or less than , so it cannot be determined which of  and , if either, is the longer. By a similar argument, Statement 2 yields insufficient information.

Now assume both statements are true.  and  are each congruent to one of the congruent sides of equilateral  and are therefore congruent to each other. However, the hypotenuse of a right triangle must be longer than both legs, so the hypotenuse of   is  is also longer than any segment congruent to one of the legs, which includes all three sides of  - specificially,  is longer than .

Example Question #12 : Equilateral Triangles

 is equilateral.  may or may not be equilateral. 

which, if either, is longer,   or  ?

Statement 1: 

Statement 2:  and 

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume Statement 1 alone.  is equilateral, so . Also, by the Triangle Inequality, the sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle must exceed the third, so . From Statement 1, , so by substitution, , and .

Statement 2 alone provides insufficient information. For example, assume  is an equilateral triangle with sidelength 9. If  is an equilateral triangle with sidelength 8, the conditions of the statement hold, and . However, if  is a right triangle in which , and , the conditions of the statement still hold, but .

Example Question #13 : Equilateral Triangles

Given equilateral triangles  and , which, if either, is longer,   or  ?

Statement 1: 

Statement 2: 

Possible Answers:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Explanation:

All sides of an equilateral triangle have the same measure, so we can let  be the common sidelength of , and  be that of .

Statement 1 can be rewritten as ; Statement 2 can be rewritten as . The equivalent question is whether we can determine which, if either, is greater,  or . The two statements together are insufficient to answer the question, however; 5 and 10 have sum 15 and product 50, but we cannot determine without further information whether   and , or vice versa. Therefore, we do not know for sure whether a side of  is longer than a side of  - specifically, which of  or  is longer.

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