Genetics : Central Dogma of Biology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Genetics
All Genetics Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Central Dogma Of Biology
What is meant by the term "Karyokinesis"
The process of entering the G0 phase of the cell cycle
The process of converting DNA to RNA
The process of exiting the G0 phase of the cell cycle
Division of the nucleus
The process of converting RNA to proteins
Division of the nucleus
Karyokinesis is the division of the cell's nucleus during mitosis. A similar (but different meaning) word is cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the division of the cell cytoplasm, which occurs at the end of mitosis. The other answer choices do not reflect the meaning of karyokinesis.
Example Question #1 : Central Dogma Of Biology
What is the enzyme used during transcription?
DNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase III
DNA Polymerase II
DNA Polymerase III
RNA Polymerase
Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to promoter DNA sequences on a gene. This leads to the production of a RNA chain, complimentary to the original (template) DNA strand.
Example Question #1 : Central Dogma Of Biology
What is the size of the prokaryotic ribosome and its subunits?
30S and 30S subunits, 60S ribosome
50S and 30S subunits, 80S ribosome
50S and 50S subunits, 70S ribosome
50S and 30S subunits, 70S ribosome
30S and 40S subunits, 70S ribosome
50S and 30S subunits, 70S ribosome
Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of two unequally sized subunits, large and small, which form a complete ribosome unit.
Example Question #1 : Central Dogma Of Biology
Which of the following most accurately describes the central dogma of biology?
RNA to protein to DNA
DNA to protein to RNA
DNA to RNA to protein
Protein to RNA to DNA
DNA to RNA to protein
The central dogma of biology dictates that the coded genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into single stranded RNA, which is then translated into protein.
Example Question #1 : Central Dogma Of Biology
Which of the following best illustrates the central dogma of biology in terms of how a cell makes proteins?
DNA from the chromosomes first undergoes transcription to generate RNA. This RNA then undergoes translation, which is the process by which the genetic code is used to make necessary proteins.
Example Question #6 : Central Dogma Of Biology
In the central dogma of biology, what is the name of the process that lies between RNA and protein? I.e., what process does the cell use to make protein from RNA?
Expression
Transcription
Replication
Suppression
Translation
Translation
Translation is the process in which RNAs are "read" by ribosomes, and the appropriate protein is made.
Example Question #1 : Central Dogma Of Biology
If a DNA strand has the following sequence, choose the answer that has the correct mRNA sequence.
3' ATTAGCAC 5'
CACGATTA
GCCACTTA
TAATCGTG
UAAUCGUG
ATTAGCAC
UAAUCGUG
The mRNA will be complementary to the DNA sequence, but remember that mRNA has a uracil (U) base instead of thymine (T). If the base on the left is the DNA, the corresponding mRNA code is:
UAAUCGUG
Example Question #2 : Central Dogma Of Biology
If a DNA coding strand has the following sequence, which of the following is the sequence of the DNA template strand?
3' ACTGTTAC 5'
TGACAATG
GCCGTTAC
ACUGUUAC
ACTGTTAC
TGUCUUTG
TGACAATG
The DNA template strand will be complementary to the DNA coding strand sequence. If the base on the left is the coding DNA, the corresponding template DNA strand code is:
TGACAATG
Example Question #1 : Central Dogma Of Biology
Which of the following best describes the role of the enzyme helicase?
Unzip DNA strands by breaking the bonds between the two strands.
Copying the DNA for replication
Separating double-stranded RNA by breaking bonds
Ligating broken strands back together
Repairing damaged DNA
Unzip DNA strands by breaking the bonds between the two strands.
Helicase is the enzyme that breaks the bonds between the coding and template strands of DNA so that the other DNA replication machinery can access the codes. The other functions listed are important roles, but can be attributed to other enzymes.
Example Question #4 : Central Dogma Of Biology
What is the central dogma of biology?
Protein to DNA to RNA
Protein to RNA to DNA
DNA to RNA to protein
DNA to protein to RNA
DNA to mRNA to protein to tRNA
DNA to RNA to protein
The central dogma of biology is best described by DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to protein. The genetic material (DNA) is transcribed into mRNA (RNA) which is than translated into proteins. The central dogma is an important principle in molecular biology, and it helps explain why DNA plays such an important role in genetic expression.
Certified Tutor
All Genetics Resources
