GED Science : Cells and Life
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Example Questions
Example Question #3 : Organelles
Which RNA-based organelle is the site of protein synthesis within the cell?
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are composed of a unique type of RNA, rRNA, and are located within the cytoplasm of the cell and on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Here, proteins are assembled from amino acids piece by piece using instructions copied from DNA.
Example Question #4 : Organelles
Where does ATP synthesis occur within the cell?
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
The mitochondria are organelles that are often referred to as the "power plant" of the cell. Mitochondria are responsible for extracting energy from food molecules and binding it in the high energy bonds of the ATP molecule.
Example Question #5 : Organelles
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus within the cell?
Digestion of food and waste products
The site of protein synthesis within the cell
Manufacturing lipids such as steroid hormones
Transport of materials packaged in vesicles to other parts of the cell or outside the cell membrane
Synthesis of chemical energy from sunlight
Transport of materials packaged in vesicles to other parts of the cell or outside the cell membrane
The Golgi apparatus can be thought of as the "shipping center" of the cell. Here, proteins and other materials are packaged in vesicles which are transported to other sites in the cell or outside the cell membrane for "export".
Example Question #6 : Organelles
Which of the following organelles is not found in animal cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplast
The chloroplast is unique to plant cells (and some bacteria and protists), and is the site of photosynthesis. Almost all energy used by life is captured by this organelle. All other answers listed can be found in both plant and animal cells.
Example Question #7 : Organelles
Which of the following is not a membranous organelle?
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Ribosomes
Nonmembranous organelles are always in contact with cytosol.
Membranous organelles are surrounded by membranes that isolate their contents from the cytosol.
Ribosomes are freely scattered in the cytoplasm and thus are nonmembranous organelles.
Example Question #8 : Organelles
If a cell lacks endoplasmic reticulum (ER), one direct result will be that it cannot __________.
store, alter and package secretory products
secrete proteins
reproduce itself
produce substantial amounts of ATP
manufacture proteins
secrete proteins
One of the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum is to secrete proteins.
It's other functions include: synthesis of secretory products, intracellular storage, transport, and calcium ion storage.
Example Question #9 : Organelles
What are the physical characteristics of mitochondria?
Double membrane, with inner membrane folds enclosing metabolic enzymes
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes
Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, nucleoprotiens, and chromatin
Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm
Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers
Double membrane, with inner membrane folds enclosing metabolic enzymes
Mitochondria are organelles that have an unusual double membrane. An out membrane surround the entire organelle, and a second, inner membrane contains numerous folds, called cristae. Cristae increase the surface area exposes to the matrix of mitochondria.
Example Question #10 : Organelles
What is the outer boundary of the cell that separates the cell contents from the extracellular fluid?
Cytosol
Gated channel network
Glycocalyx
Cell wall
Plasmalemma (plasma membrane)
Plasmalemma (plasma membrane)
The plasmalemma (plasma membrane) has a complex structure composed of phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol. The phospholipids form two distinct layers that don't allow dissolved ions and water-soluble compounds to cross the plasmalemma. This makes the plasmalemma effective in isolating the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment.
Example Question #31 : Cells And Life
Microscopic examination of a cell reveals that it contains many mitochondria. What does this observation imply about the cell?
The cell has a high demand for removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens
The cell has a very high energy requirement
The cell has a high demand for neutralization of toxic compounds
The cell has a high demand for storage of genetic information
The cell has a very low energy requirement
The cell has a very high energy requirement
Mitochondia produce energy (ATP) required by the cell, if a cell has large amounts of mitochondria this implies the cell has a high energy requirement.
Example Question #32 : Cells And Life
Which of the following is not characteristics shared by both lysosomes and peroxisomes?
Is a membranous organelle
Is only found in eukaryotes
Performs an important function within a cell
Removes damaged organelles or pathogens
Is a vesicle that contains enzymes
Removes damaged organelles or pathogens
Only lysosomes remove damages organelles or pathogens. Peroxisomes degrade fats and other organic compounds as well as neutralize toxic compounds.
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