Calculus 1 : Spatial Calculus

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Calculus 1

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Example Questions

Example Question #371 : How To Find Velocity

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=t^4+sin(t)\) \(\displaystyle p(0)=3\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(\pi)\) using Euler's Method and three steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2.934\)

\(\displaystyle 5.166\)

\(\displaystyle 26.222\)

\(\displaystyle 33.288\)

\(\displaystyle 41.950\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 26.222\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=t^4+sin(t)\) \(\displaystyle p(0)=3\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{\pi-0}{3}=\frac{\pi}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=3;t_0=0\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=3+(\frac{\pi}{3})(0^4+sin(0))=3\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=3+(\frac{\pi}{3})((\frac{\pi}{3})^4+sin(\frac{\pi}{3}))=5.166\)

\(\displaystyle p_3=5.166+(\frac{\pi}{3})((\frac{2\pi}{3})^4+sin(\frac{2\pi}{3}))=26.222\)

Example Question #372 : Calculus

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=ln(t^3)\) \(\displaystyle p(10)=0\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(1000)\) using Euler's Method and three steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 12340.9\)

\(\displaystyle 8020.7\)

\(\displaystyle 23017.1\)

\(\displaystyle 5508.2\)

\(\displaystyle 14492.5\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 14492.5\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=ln(t^3)\) \(\displaystyle p(10)=0\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{1000-10}{3}=330\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=0;t_0=10\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=0+(330)ln(10^3)=2279.6\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=2279.6+(330)ln(340^3)=8050.3\)

\(\displaystyle p_3=8050.3+(330)ln(670^3)=14492.5\)

Example Question #372 : How To Find Velocity

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=te^{t}cos(t)\) \(\displaystyle p(0)=0\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(1)\) using Euler's Method and two steps

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 1.096\)

\(\displaystyle 0.183\)

\(\displaystyle 0.734\)

\(\displaystyle 0.362\)

\(\displaystyle 0\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 0.362\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=te^{t}cos(t)\) \(\displaystyle p(0)=0\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{1-0}{2}=0.5\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=0;t_0=0\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=0+(0.5)(0)e^{0}cos(0)=0\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=0+(0.5)(0.5)e^{0.5}cos(0.5)=0.362\)

Example Question #371 : Velocity

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=(t-7)^3\) \(\displaystyle p(6)=0\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(7)\) using Euler's Method and two steps

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle -0.063\)

\(\displaystyle 0\)

\(\displaystyle 0.5\)

\(\displaystyle -0.563\)

\(\displaystyle -0.5\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle -0.563\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=(t-7)^3\) \(\displaystyle p(6)=0\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{7-6}{2}=0.5\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=0;t_0=6\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=0+(0.5)(6-7)^3=-0.5\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=-0.5+(0.5)(6.5-7)^3=-0.563\)

Example Question #375 : Calculus

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=4t^2+3t+1\) \(\displaystyle p(0)=0\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(2)\) using Euler's Method and two steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 23\)

\(\displaystyle 31\)

\(\displaystyle 34\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{56}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 9\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 9\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=4t^2+3t+1\) \(\displaystyle p(0)=0\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{2-0}{2}=1\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=0;t_0=0\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=0+(1)(4(0)^2+3(0)+1)=1\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=1+(1)(4(1)^2+3(1)+1)=9\)

Example Question #376 : Calculus

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=4sin^2(t)\) and \(\displaystyle p(\frac{\pi}{2})=1\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(\pi)\) using Euler's Method and two steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 4.142\)

\(\displaystyle 5.713\)

\(\displaystyle 2.089\)

\(\displaystyle 6.552\)

\(\displaystyle 1.726\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 5.713\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=4sin^2(t)\) and \(\displaystyle p(\frac{\pi}{2})=1\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{\pi-\frac{\pi}{2}}{2}=\frac{\pi}{4}\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=1;t_0=\frac{\pi}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=1+(\frac{\pi}{4})(4sin^2(\frac{\pi}{2}))=4.142\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=4.142+(\frac{\pi}{4})(4sin^2(\frac{3\pi}{4}))=5.713\)

Example Question #377 : Calculus

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=tan^2(t^2)\) and \(\displaystyle p(0)=4\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(0.5\pi)\) using Euler's Method and two steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 4.126\)

\(\displaystyle 1.395\)

\(\displaystyle 4.395\)

\(\displaystyle 5.261\)

\(\displaystyle 1.261\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 4.395\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=tan^2(t^2)\) and \(\displaystyle p(0)=4\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{0.5\pi-0}{2}=0.25\pi\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=4;t_0=0\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=4+(0.25\pi)(tan^2(0^2))=4\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=4+(0.25\pi)(tan^2((0.25\pi)^2))=4.395\)

Example Question #378 : Calculus

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=cos^3(t)\) and \(\displaystyle p(0)=7\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(\pi)\) using Euler's Method and two steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2.316\)

\(\displaystyle 1.571\)

\(\displaystyle 8.571\)

\(\displaystyle 9.316\)

\(\displaystyle 1\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 8.571\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=cos^3(t)\) and \(\displaystyle p(0)=7\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{\pi-0}{2}=\frac{\pi}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=7;t_0=0\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=7+(\frac{\pi}{2})cos^3(0)=8.571\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=8.571+(\frac{\pi}{2})cos^3(\frac{\pi}{2})=8.571\)

Example Question #379 : Calculus

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=ln(cos(t^3))\) and \(\displaystyle p(0)=1\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(8)\) using Euler's Method and two steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle -0.75\)

\(\displaystyle 1\)

\(\displaystyle 4.75\)

\(\displaystyle 3.75\)

\(\displaystyle -2.75\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle -2.75\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=ln(cos(t^3))\) and \(\displaystyle p(0)=1\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{8-0}{2}=4\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=1;t_0=0\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=1+(4)ln(cos(0^3))=1\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=1+(4)ln(cos(4^3))=-2.75\)

Example Question #380 : Calculus

The velocity function of a particle and a position of this particle at a known time are given by \(\displaystyle v(t)=e^{\frac{t^2}{4}}\) and \(\displaystyle p(1)=3\). Approximate \(\displaystyle p(3)\) using Euler's Method and two steps.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 8.432\)

\(\displaystyle 7.002\)

\(\displaystyle 4.284\)

\(\displaystyle 5.718\)

\(\displaystyle 3\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 7.002\)

Explanation:

The general form of Euler's method, when a derivative function, initial value, and step size are known, is:

\(\displaystyle y_n=y_{n+1} +\Delta x f'(x_n,y_n)\)

In the case of this problem, this can be rewritten as:

\(\displaystyle p(t_n)=p(t_{n+1}) +\Delta t v(t_n)\)

To calculate the step size find the difference between the final and initial value of \(\displaystyle t\) and divide by the number of steps to be used:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{t_f-t_i}{Steps}\)

For this problem, we are told \(\displaystyle v(t)=e^{\frac{t^2}{4}}\) and \(\displaystyle p(1)=3\)

Knowing this, we may take the steps to estimate our function value at our desired \(\displaystyle t\) value:

\(\displaystyle \Delta t = \frac{3-1}{2}=1\)

\(\displaystyle p_0=3;t_0=1\)

\(\displaystyle p_1=3+(1)e^{\frac{1^2}{4}}=4.284\)

\(\displaystyle p_2=4.284+(1)e^{\frac{2^2}{4}}=7.002\)

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