The Army Beta was a follow up exam that provided illiterate or foreign language speaking individuals an opportunity to have their intelligence evaluated. The Army Beta was normed against men in institutions for the feeble-minded. It was an intelligence test designed to determine an individual’s ability for upward mobility and capacity in the Army. The Army Beta was heavily racially weighted and created many arguments around discrimination in the US Army and it was discontinued after World War 1. 

Descriptive norms occur because of the observance of the behavior of others around you. These norms are associated with the idea that individuals will behave according to a social pattern (e.g. standing up with a crowd for an ovation). Injunctive norms are associated with behavior that is considered to be socially acceptable or unacceptable. These behaviors include what one “ought to do” (e.g. not smoking in an elevator and driving on the right side of the road).

An injunctive norm is constructed when there is a set of expected behaviors in a designated space or place, such as whispering in a library. Injunctive norms are socially constructed behaviors of what one “ought to do.” On the other hand, descriptive norms represent behaviors that are accompanied by a pattern.

In Asch's study, people rarely contradicted the opinions of the group, even if that opinion was clearly wrong. 70% of the people reported at least one obviously incorrect answer. Asch's study did not possess elements regarding rewards and it was not designed to study the effects of age on conformity.

An "asexual" individual is a person who does not experience sexual attraction. Asexual people have the same emotional needs as other people, but do not feel the need to engage in sexual acts with others.

Through his studies of many diverse Western and Eastern cultures—including the isolated Fore tribes of Papua New Guinea, who could not possibly have learned these facial expressions from the media of another people—Ekman found universal facial expressions for joy, anger, fear, disgust and sadness.

A person's sexual orientation describes the kind(s) of person they find themselves romantically/sexually attracted to. People who identify as heterosexual are attracted to members of the opposite gender, while homosexuals are attracted to people of the same gender. People who identify as bisexual are attracted to both males and females, and those who identify as asexual are not attracted to anyone in that way.

The false consensus effect describes how most people believe that other individuals have a similar mindset as themselves. This is a popular term in social psychology, along with concepts such as groupthink and group polarization.

The cocktail party effect is being able to listen to one voice amidst other voices and distractions. This term comes from the fact that cocktail parties often involve large conversations, during which you may wish to focus on one particular person's commentary.

By Mary Ainsworth, the Strange Situation Test is used to assess the various types of attachment. In the Strange Situation Test, infants or young children are put in a room with their caregiver. Secure attachment between the caregiver and child provides the base for the child's exploration. Upon leaving the child with a stranger in the room, Mary Ainsworth could assess the attachment between the caregiver and child.  

If the child cries when the caregiver leaves and is relieved when they return, the attachment is secure. If the child cries when the caregiver leaves and continues to cry and resist the caregiver when they return, the attachment is resistant. If the child does not cry when the caregiver leaves and avoids contact when they return, the attachment is avoidant. Resistant and avoidant attachments are usually the result of an inconsistent caregiver.