The difference between a psychiatrist and clinical psychologist is mostly in their functions-- psychiatrists give referrals for medications and clinical psychologists act as therapists. Both psychiatrists and clinical psychologists have to go to graduate school for multiple years. Keep in mind that although their functions differ, they often work together to help a patient successfully go through treatment. 

Research has shown that combination treatment, i.e. taking medication and doing therapy at the same time, is the most effective type of treatment and therefore leads to faster, better recovery. Although some people start off with medication and move to therapy or vice versa, that has not shown to increase the effectiveness of treatment. 

Psychosurgery is surgery performed on the brain and it is one of the last resorts in treatment because it is costly, risky, intrusive, and still debated by scientists today. Prefrontal lobotomies were one of the first methods of psychosurgery and ended up leading to grave side effects for many of the people who underwent it. 

During surgical procedures, the brain tissue can be damaged or removed completely. This is known as an ablation.

ECT is a last resort treatment for individuals with extremely severe or suicidal depression. The harsh side-effects, past abuses of the procedure, and the general neurological risks of the procedure make it a controversial and rarely used procedure. The practice is still in use in some very limited situations, but it is NOT used for "anyone with depression."

"Psychosurgery" is largely out of use today, though it was popular closer to the beginning and middle of the 20th century. "Psychosurgery" is surgical intervention, usually performed on the brain, in order to treat psychological ailments. The most famous form of psychosurgery is the lobotomy, and it is a form of treatment where a portion of the brain is lesioned or destroyed to alter a person's behavior.

A lobotomy is a psychosurgical procedure that involves cutting away most of an individual's connections to their prefrontal cortex. This technique was popularized in the 1940s and 1950s to treat highly violent and dangerous patients; however, this surgery rendered them catatonic and unable to express emotion. It is rarely used in practice today. 

In this instance, Suzie became more used to the sight of blood after periods of exposure. In this way, because of this gradual exposure, she was desensitized to the sight of blood. 

Of all the psychological disorders, bipolar disorder has the highest rate of suicide at 15-20%. Is is directly followed by schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, both around 10-15%. While the factors leading to suicide vary widely, these rates demonstrate the great difficulties that come with the inherent symptoms of disorder.

Pyrophobia and arachnophobia are each fears of a specific stimulus. Pyrophobia (from the Greek "piras") is the fear of fire, while arachnophobia (from the Greek "arachni") is the fear of spiders. Because they are fears of a specific stimulus, they are specific phobias as opposed to social phobias.