All AP Physics C: Mechanics Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Understanding Velocities
This morning you walked 20 meters to the right from your house to the bus stop, which took you 20 seconds. You waited at the bus stop for 1 minute before realizing you forgot your physics homework at home. You ran back to your house in 5 seconds. It took you 10 seconds to find your homework, and then you ran back to the bus stop in 5 seconds just in time to catch the bus. What was your average velocity for the entire period of motion?
This question tests your understanding of average velocity. You have different velocities throughout your motion: you changed direction and speed several times, including periods of no motion. However, average velocity cares only about your total displacement and how long it took you to get from your initial position to your final position.
Therefore, it is unnecessary to calculate your velocity at each time interval. You know your initial position is at your house and, after the entire motion, your final position is at the bus stop which is 20m to the right of your house. From this we get that the total displacement is 20m (note that it is positive because you moved to the right).
Since you moved back and forth and were motionless for some time intervals, it took you a total of 100s to finally get to the bus stop for good and catch the bus. You need to add all the times for each section of your motion; remember there are 60s in a minute and you need to be consistent with units.
Therefore, your average velocity is:
Example Question #12 : Motion
A car undergoes acceleration according to the given function. What distance has the car traveled after three seconds?
We can determine the velocity by taking the second integral of acceleration for the time interval of 0s to 3s.
Solve for the first integral.
Solve for the second integral, using the time interval.
Example Question #11 : Linear Motion
A car undergoes acceleration according to the given function. How fast is the car moving after four seconds?
We can find the car's velocity by taking the integral of the acceleration function during the given time interval.
Solve the integral for the time interval of 0s to 4s. This will give us the final velocity.
Example Question #14 : Motion
A car undergoes acceleration according to the given function. If the threshold for serious injury or fatality for a human undergoing horizontal acceleration is 60 gees (1 gee = 10 meters per second per second), how long would a human be able to withstand riding in this car?
Calculate the maximum acceration in meters per second.
Solve for the time.
Example Question #15 : Motion
A ball travels with a velocity as described by the function below:
What is the ball's acceleration?
Acceleration is equal to the derivative of the velocity function.
Since the velocity is constant, the derivative will be equal to zero.
The acceleration is equal to zero.
Example Question #16 : Motion
A man runs with a velocity as described by the function below.
How far does he travel in 1 minute?
Distance is given by the integral of a velocity function. For this question, we will need to integrate over the interval of 0s to 60s.
Example Question #17 : Motion
A man runs with a velocity described by the function below.
What is the function for his acceleration?
The function for acceleration is the derivative of the function for velocity.
Example Question #1 : Calculating Motion In One Dimension
A particle traveling in a straight line accelerates uniformly from rest to in and then continues at constant speed for an additional for an additional . What is the total distance traveled by the particle during the ?
First off we have to convert to meters per second.
Next we have to calculate the distance the object traveled the first 5 seconds, when it was starting from rest. We are given time, initial speed to be . The acceleration of the object at this time can be calculated using:
, substituting the values, we get:
Next, we use the distance equation to find the distance in the first 5 seconds:
because the initial speed is .
If we plug in , , we get:
Next we have to find the distance the the object travels at constant speed for 3 seconds. We can use the equation:
in this case is not equal to , it is equal to and
Plugging in the equation, we get
Adding and we get the total distance to be
Example Question #1 : Calculating Motion In Two Dimensions
A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a high building. It has an initial velocity of and lands on the ground away from the base of the building. Assuming air resistance is negligible, which of the following changes would cause the range of this projectile to increase?
I. Increasing the initial horizontal velocity
II. Decreasing the mass of the ball
III. Throwing the ball from an identical building on the moon
I, II, and III
I only
I and III
II only
I and II
I and III
Relevant equations:
Choice I is true because is proportional to the range , so increasing increases if is constant. This relationship is given by the equation:
Choice II is false because the motion of a projectile is independent of mass.
Choice III is true because the vertical acceleration on the moon would be less. Decreasing increases the time the ball is in the air, thereby increasing if is constant. This relationship is also shown in the equation:
Example Question #1 : Calculating Motion In Two Dimensions
Water emerges horizontally from a hole in a tank above the ground. If the water hits the ground from the base of the tank, at what speed is the water emerging from the hole? (Hint: Treat the water droplets as projectiles.)
To understand this problem, we have to understand that the water has a x-velocity and a y-veloctiy. The x-velocity never changes.
First we want to find the time it took for the water to hit the ground. We can use this equation:
We know that the y-velocity is 0 to start with, acceleration is and .
Substituting into the equation, we get:
Next we have to substitute the time into the equation for the x component
We know that and , so we can conclude that:
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