Only about 15 million people are pastoral nomads, encompassing about 20% of the Earth's area.

Transhumance is defined as the seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures. Typically, livestock is moved to the lowlands in the winters and to the highlands in the summers.

Historically speaking the ties between Ukraine and Russia are complex and layered. The progenitor of the Russian Tsarist Empire began in Kiev (the modern-day capital of Ukraine) before moving further east to Moscow. During the twentieth century Ukraine came under the control of the Soviet Union and due to its fertile lands came to be known as “the breadbasket of the Soviet Union.” As you may be aware in more recent times relationships between Ukraine and Russia have reached a critical point and it now serves (unwillingly) as something of a “buffer state” between Russia and the west.

Approximately one third, or thirty-three percent, of the world’s labor force is engaged agricultural work. The number has been steadily declining throughout the history of human civilization.

The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution refers to the process that happened roughly 12,000 years before the Common Era in which societies around the world developed agriculture. In the Middle East's Fertile Crescent, China's Yangtze River Valley, and Mesoamerica, sedentary agriculture made people less nomadic, develop city-states, and create non-portable arts. These changes did not revolutionize societal relationships, but instead built hierarchies and reinforced societal inequalities.

Seed crops were first cultivated 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent region of Southwestern Asia.

The Neolithic Revolution was when seed and root crops were first cultivated by humans and occurred at roughly 10,000 B.C.E.

The “Neolithic Revolution” is another name for the First Agricultural Revolution. The “Neolithic Revolution” happened at different times in different parts of the world, but it happened first in Ancient Mesopotamia (also called “The Fertile Crescent”) approximately ten-thousand years ago. The “Neolithic Revolution” marks the transition of human society from wandering hunter-gatherer societies into settled agricultural communities. This is one of the most important transitions in human history as it led to the rise of cities, civilizations, religions, culture, and a great many more things.

The “First Agricultural Revolution,” also called the “Neolithic Revolution” first took place in a region of the modern-day Middle East called “Mesopotamia” or “The Fertile Crescent.” This occurred roughly ten thousand years ago. It most likely occurred next in the area surrounding the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China.

The term “domestication” refers to the process by which a plant or animal is tamed by human society so that that plant or animal can be reliably utilized to provide for human sustenance. "Pastoralism" refers to an ethos that values rural living.