AP Environmental Science : Introductory Concepts and Earth Science
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Example Questions
Example Question #91 : Introductory Concepts And Earth Science
There are three basic types of rocks.
Which type of rock is the result of the heating and cooling process alone?
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
All of these
None of these
Igneous
Igneous rock is formed when magma/lava cools and solidifies. Igneous rock is weathered, eroded, transported and deposited to form sedimentary rock. If igneous or sedimentary rocks are subjected to great heat and pressure they transform into metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock can be reheated and re-pressurized to create different types of metamorphic rock.
Example Question #92 : Introductory Concepts And Earth Science
Geologist study how natural resources are formed and used. What is the slowest and largest cycle that forms soils and igneous materials in the Earth's crust over time?
Sulfur cycle
Carbon cycle
Rock cycle
Nutrient cycling
Rock cycle
The correct response is rock cycle. This cycle takes millions of years, and forms soil and rocks within the Earth's crust. Igneous materials are one of the 3 types of rocks.
Example Question #93 : Ap Environmental Sciences
The rock cycle is one of the slowest and largest cycles on the Earth. Which of the following is not a process involved in the rock cycle?
Anamorphism
Erosion
Melting
Metamorphism
Anamorphism
The correct response is anamorphism. This term has nothing to do with the rock cycle.
Example Question #93 : Introductory Concepts And Earth Science
During the rock cycle, three types of rocks are created. Which type of rock is formed as magma from the Earth's mantle and crust cools and solidifies?
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Anamorphic rock
Igneous rock
The correct response is igneous rock. Sedimentary rock is made of various sediments that accumulate over time. Metamorphic rock is made under high pressure, high temp, and/or chemical compounds that alter the crystalline structure, the appearance, and the physical properties of the rock. The other two answer choices are not rock types.
Example Question #12 : Rock Cycle
A geologist had the opportunity to collect rock cycles on a tiny island off the coast of Italy. He noticed that the rocks were formed of compacted shells and skeletons from dead organisms. Based on your understanding of the three types of rocks formed during the rock cycle, which rock type did the geologist collect?
Anamorphic rock
Sedimentary rock
Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
Sedimentary rock
The correct response is sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is made of various sediments that accumulate over time, like dead plants and animals and other rocks. Metamorphic rock is made from existing rocks placed under high pressure, high temp, and/or chemical compounds that alter the crystalline structure, the appearance, and the physical properties of the rock. Igneous rocks are formed as magma cools and solidifies. The other two answer choices are not rock types.
Example Question #1 : Soil Formation, Composition, And Properties
Which soil layer is composed of weathered rock (parent material) and contains little to no organic matter?
The B Horizon
The C Horizon
The A Horizon
The D Horizon
The O Horizon
The C Horizon
The O Horizon is composed of humus (organic matter), the A Horizon is a mixture of minerals and organic matter, the B Horizon is composed mainly of minerals and the D horizon is solid bedrock. The C Horizon best fits this definition, as it is the layer above the bedrock, consisting mostly of weathered rock fragments.
Example Question #1 : Soil Formation, Composition, And Properties
Which of the following choices best describes the process by which soil horizons accumulate material such as iron, clay, organic compounds, and aluminum?
None of these
Illuviation
Innervation
Saturation
Illuviation
Leaching occurs when percolating water transports materials from the top soil layers. Usually, these materials are illuviated (deposited) to a lower level.
Example Question #1 : Soil Formation, Composition, And Properties
Which element is not a component of soil?
None of these
Living organisms
Partially decomposed organic matter
Mineral material
None of these
All of these components make up soil. Differences in ratios of these components account for different soil types.
Example Question #1 : Soil Formation, Composition, And Properties
__________ is soil with the smallest particles. (Less than 0.002mm diameter).
Silt
Clay
Loam
Sand
Clay
Clay has the smallest particles, followed by silt, which contains larger particles than clay, but smaller particles than sand. Loam is a mixture of these three types of soil.
Example Question #1 : Soil Formation, Composition, And Properties
Soil is categorized by composition and depth. Each category is referred to as a __________.
level
group
cast
horizon
horizon
Soil categories are referred to as "horizons." Additionally, a vertical cross section of soil horizons is called a "profile."
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