Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The general structure of an amino acid consists of a carboxylic acid and an amine group bonded to a carbon that contains. The carbon contains an R group that varies depending on the amino acid.

Cysteine is an amino acid that contain a sulfhydryl group . When two sulfhydryl groups come together and get oxidized they form a  bond, which is referred to as a disulfide bond or a disulfide bridge.

The effects of point mutations vary by type. For example, leucine has 6 different codons. If the codon UUA is changed to UUG, the resulting amino acid inserted into the protein is not changed; it is still leucine. This is referred to as a silent mutation. 

tRNA, or transfer RNA, is responsible for binding amino acids and delivering them to the ribosome during translation. tRNA binds amino acids with its anticodon. The anticodon is a sequence of 3 nucleotides that are complimentary to the codon of a specific amino acid. Anticodons can only bind to codons that are complementary in sequence; this ensures that the correct amino acids are chosen.

The bonding of a codon to its anticodon is accomplished through the use of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds; therefore, amino acids are easily dissociated from their corresponding transfer RNA once delivered to the ribosome for translation. Hydrogen bonds are also responsible for connecting the bases of complementary strands of DNA which results in its double helix.

Proteins are polymers of amino acids, which have an amino group, carboxyl group, and a side chain known as an R-group. Nucleotides make up DNA and RNA. Glucose is a carbohydrate monomer and make up starches, cellulose, and glycogen. Fatty acids are components of lipids.

Amino acids, which make up proteins, have an amino group, which contains nitrogen. Carbohydrates and lipids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they do not contain nitrogen.

A nitrogenous base is a part of the DNA/RNA structure. They include adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and/or uracil. All other answer choices are parts of amino acids.

The correct answer is that prokaryotes only have exons, whereas eukaryotes have exons and introns. As a result, in eukaryotes, when mRNA is transcribed from DNA, the introns have to be cut out of the newly synthesized mRNA strand. The exons, or coding sequences, are then joined together. Prokaryotes do not have to process their mRNA to this extent. 

The correct answer is operator. In most operons, repressors bind operators to prevent transcription of downstream genes.

Promoters are sequences of DNA upstream of genes that usually promote transcription by recruiting polymerases and other transcription factors. Enhancers are distant DNA sequences that promote transcription, whereas exons are the coding segments of a gene.