A membrane-bound nucleus is not present in prokaryotic organisms. All other structures can be found in prokaryotes.

The zone of inhibition is the zone around the disc that the antibiotic killed the bacteria.

Bacteria have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan, while plant cells have a cell wall made up of cellulose. The enzyme used by this student is cleaving the cellulose in the plant cell wall, causing these cells to lyse. This enzyme would not be able to cleave peptidoglycan because the molecules are structurally and chemically different.

Since DNA is not separated from the cytosol in bacterial cells, nascent messenger RNAs that are being transcribed by RNA polymerase can be bound by ribosomes and translation can be initiated before the entire mRNA is even transcribed. All other processes listed may occur simultaneously in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells.

There are three processes in which bacteria can acquire new novel genes/alleles for genes. Transformation happens when bacteria uptake naked DNA from the environment and assemble it into their genome. Transduction happens when a phage transfer DNA from one bacteria to another. Transduction is the direct transfer of DNA from a donor bacteria to a recipient bacteria and is often referred to as "bacterial sex."

Since bacterial cells lack mitochondria, the proteins that make up the electron transport chain reside in the plasma membrane and pump protons from the cytosol into the periplasm. There is no nuclear membrane in bacterial cells since bacteria lack nuclei.

In the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain is located in the inner membrane. Mitochondria are believed to be descended from bacteria that were long ago engulfed by other prokaryotic cells, producing the first eukaryotic cells. The outer membrane of mitochondria can be thought of being derived from the vesicle that was used to engulf the bacterial cell, and the inner membrane can be thought of being derived from the plasma membrane of the original bacterium.

In Gram staining, the dye is retained by the peptidoglycan cell wall, which in Gram-positive bacteria, is very thick and is the outermost layer of the bacterial cell. This peptidoglycan cell wall is also what is targeted by most antibiotics. In Gram-negative bacteria, there is a layer of peptidoglycan but it is very thin and is protected from both the Gram stain and most antibiotics by an outer membrane made of lipopolysaccharides. One of the incorrect answers mentions a cell wall made of cellulose, but that is what makes up the cell walls of plants, not bacteria.

Binary fission is the process by which bacteria use to reproduce. Transduction and conjugation and transformation are all processes by which bacteria exchange genetic material (usually in the form of plasmids). Reproduction occurs rapidly though binary fission.

The correct answer is mitochondria. This organelle is found in eukaryotic cells, which means that prokaryotic cells generate ATP through other means. All other items listed are found in prokaryotic cells.