ACT Math : Tangent

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ACT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Trigonometry

Triangle

What is the tangent of C in the given right triangle??

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{AB}{AC}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{AC}{BC}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{CB}{AB}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{AB}{BC}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{CB}{AC}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{AB}{BC}\)

Explanation:

Tangent = Opposite / Adjacent

Example Question #1 : How To Find The Tangent Of An Angle

Consider a right triangle with an inner angle \(\displaystyle x\)\(\displaystyle \left ( x< 90^{\circ} \right )\).

If

\(\displaystyle \cos x=\frac{3}{5}\)

and

\(\displaystyle \sin x=\frac{4}{5}\)

what is \(\displaystyle \tan x\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{4}{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 1\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{5}\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{3}{4}\)

\(\displaystyle 5\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle \frac{4}{3}\)

Explanation:

The tangent of an angle x is defined as

Substituting the given values for cos x and sin x, we get

Example Question #1 : Tangent

Triangle

Triangle ABC shown is a right triangle. If the tangent of angle C is \(\displaystyle \frac{3}{7}\), what is the length of segment BC?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \sqrt{58}\)

\(\displaystyle 3.5\)

\(\displaystyle 3\)

\(\displaystyle 7\)

\(\displaystyle \sqrt{21}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 7\)

Explanation:

Use the definition of the tangent and plug in the values given:

tangent C = Opposite / Adjacent = AB / BC = 3 / 7

Therefore, BC = 7.

Example Question #4 : Tangent

If the sine of an angle equals \(\displaystyle 2/3\), and the cosine of the same angle equals \(\displaystyle 5/12\), what is the tangent of the angle?  

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 8/5\)

\(\displaystyle 12/5\)

\(\displaystyle 5/8\)

\(\displaystyle 12/8\)

\(\displaystyle 8/12\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 8/5\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle Sine = \frac{opposite}{hypotenuse}. \;Cosine = \frac{adjacent}{hypotenuse}. \;Tangent = \frac{opposite}{adjacent}\)

The cosine of the angle is \(\displaystyle 5/12\) and since that is a reduced fraction, we know the hypotenuse is \(\displaystyle 12\) and the adjacent side equals \(\displaystyle 5\).  

The sine of the angle equals \(\displaystyle 2/3\), and since the hyptenuse is already \(\displaystyle 12\) we know that we must multiply the numerator and denominator by \(\displaystyle 4\) to get the common denominator of \(\displaystyle 12\).  Therefore, the opposite side equals \(\displaystyle 8\).  

Since \(\displaystyle tangent = \frac{opposite}{adjacent},\), the answer is \(\displaystyle 8/5\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find An Angle With Tangent

Soh_cah_toa

For the above triangle, \(\displaystyle o = 21\) and \(\displaystyle a = 8\). Find \(\displaystyle \theta\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 20.9^{\circ}\)

This triangle cannot exist.

\(\displaystyle 69.1^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 67.6^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 22.4^{\circ}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 69.1^{\circ}\)

Explanation:

With right triangles, we can use SOH CAH TOA to solve for unknown side lengths and angles. For this problem, we are given the opposite and adjacent sides of the triangle with relation to the angle. With this information, we can use the tangent function to find the angle.

\(\displaystyle \tan = \frac{opposite}{adjacent}\)

\(\displaystyle \tan\left ( \theta\right ) = \frac{21}{8} = 2.63\)

\(\displaystyle \arctan\left ( 2.63\right ) = \theta\)

\(\displaystyle 69.1^{\circ}= \theta\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find An Angle With Tangent

Soh_cah_toa

In the above triangle, \(\displaystyle o = 4\) and \(\displaystyle a = 7\). Find \(\displaystyle \theta\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 34.8^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 1.75^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 60.3^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 29.7^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 55.2^{\circ}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 29.7^{\circ}\)

Explanation:

With right triangles, we can use SOH CAH TOA to solve for unknown side lengths and angles. For this problem, we are given the opposite and adjacent sides of the triangle with relation to the angle. With this information, we can use the tangent function to find the angle.

\(\displaystyle \tan = \frac{opposite}{adjacent}\)

\(\displaystyle \tan\left ( \theta\right ) = \frac{4}{7} = 0.57\)

\(\displaystyle \arctan\left ( 0.57\right ) = \theta\)

\(\displaystyle 29.7^{\circ}= \theta\)

 

Example Question #4 : Tangent

Soh_cah_toa

For the above triangle, \(\displaystyle o = 14\) and \(\displaystyle a = 28\). Find \(\displaystyle \theta\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 60.0^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 26.6^{\circ}\)

This triangle cannot exist.

\(\displaystyle 63.4^{\circ}\)

\(\displaystyle 30.0^{\circ}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 26.6^{\circ}\)

Explanation:

With right triangles, we can use SOH CAH TOA to solve for unknown side lengths and angles. For this problem, we are given the opposite and adjacent sides of the triangle with relation to the angle. With this information, we can use the tangent function to find the angle.

\(\displaystyle \tan = \frac{opposite}{adjacent}\)

\(\displaystyle \tan\left ( \theta\right ) = \frac{14}{28} = 0.5\)

\(\displaystyle \arctan\left (0.5\right ) = \theta\)

\(\displaystyle 26.6^{\circ}= \theta\)

Example Question #1 : How To Find An Angle With Tangent

A laser is placed at a distance of \(\displaystyle 47\textup{ feet}\) from the base of a building that is \(\displaystyle 23\textup{ feet}\) tall. What is the angle of the laser (presuming that it is at ground level) in order that it point at the top of the building?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 29.30$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 33.45$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 26.08$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 60.70$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 63.92$^{\circ}$\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 26.08$^{\circ}$\)

Explanation:

You can draw your scenario using the following right triangle:

Theta5

Recall that the tangent of an angle is equal to the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side of the triangle. You can solve for the angle by using an inverse tangent function:

\(\displaystyle \small \Theta = tan^-^1(\frac{23}{47})=26.07535558394878\) or \(\displaystyle 26.08$^{\circ}$\).

Example Question #4 : Trigonometry



Theta4

What is the value of \(\displaystyle \small \Theta\) in the right triangle above? Round to the nearest hundredth of a degree.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 26.57$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 59.04$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 67.33$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 53.13$^{\circ}$\)

\(\displaystyle 36.87$^{\circ}$\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 59.04$^{\circ}$\)

Explanation:

Recall that the tangent of an angle is equal to the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side of the triangle. You can solve for the angle by using an inverse tangent function:

\(\displaystyle \small \Theta = tan^-^1(\frac{45}{27})=59.03624346792652\) or \(\displaystyle 59.04$^{\circ}$\).

Example Question #1 : Tangent

For the triangles in the figure given, which of the following is closest to the length of line NO?

Screen_shot_2013-06-03_at_5.56.50_pm

Possible Answers:

8

10

7

6

9

Correct answer:

9

Explanation:

First, solve for side MN. Tan(30°) = MN/16√3, so MN = tan(30°)(16√3) = 16. Triangle LMN and MNO are similar as they're both 30-60-90 triangles, so we can set up the proportion LM/MN = MN/NO or 16√3/16 = 16/x. Solving for x, we get 9.24, so the closest whole number is 9.

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