SAT Math : SAT Mathematics

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #782 : Algebra

The car you currently own will cost you $2,500 to repair, and a new car will cost $13,500. The new fuel-efficient car will save you $220 per month on gas compared to your current car. How many months of savings from the new car will it take to equal the difference in cost between buying a new car and repairing it?

Possible Answers:

35

25

45

40

50

Correct answer:

50

Explanation:

The difference between the price to repair the car or buy a new one is $11,000. You divide this by the monthly savings, $220, giving you 50 months. 

Example Question #26 : Simplifying Expressions

Simplify the following expression:

(xy)2 – x((4x)(y)– (4x)2) – 42x2

Possible Answers:

–3xy2 – 4x– 16x2

–3x2y– 16x3 – 16x2

–3xy– 4x3

5x2y2 

3x2y+ 16x3 – 16x2

Correct answer:

–3x2y– 16x3 – 16x2

Explanation:

To simplify this, we will want to use the correct order of operations. The mnemonic device PEMDAS is usually very helpful.

Parenthesis (1st)

Exponents (2nd)

Multiply, Divide (3rd)

Add, Subtract (4th)

PEMDAS tells us to evaluate parentheses first, then exponents. After exponents, we evaluate multiplication and division from left to right, and then we evaluate addition and subtraction from left to right.

Let's look at (xy)2 – x((4x)(y)– (4x)2) – 42x2

We want to start with parentheses first. We will simplify the (xy)2 by using the general rule of exponents, which states that (ab)c = acbc. Thus we can replace (xy)2 with x2y2.

x2y2 – x((4x)(y)– (4x)2) – 42x2

When we have parentheses within parentheses, we want to move from the innermost parentheses to the outermost. This means we will want to simplify the expression (4x)(y)– (4x)2 first, which becomes 4xy2 – 16x2. We can now replace (4x)(y)– (4x)2 with 4xy2 – 16x2 .

x2y2 – x(4xy2 – 16x2) – 42x2

In order to remove the last set of parentheses, we will need to distribute the x to  4xy2 – 16x2 . We will also make use of the property of exponents which states that abac = ab+c.

x2y2 – x(4xy2) – x(16x2 ) – 42x2
= x2y2 – 4x2y– 16x– 42x2

We now have the parentheses out of the way. We must now move on to the exponents. Really, the only exponent we need to simplify is –42, which is equal to –16. Remember that –42 = –(42), which is not the same as (–4)2.

x2y2 – 4x2y– 16x3 – 16x2

Now, we want to use addition and subtraction. We need to add or subtract any like terms. The only like terms we have are x2y2 and –4x2y2. When we combine those, we get –3x2y2

–3x2y– 16x3 – 16x2

The answer is –3x2y– 16x3 – 16x2 .

Example Question #783 : Algebra

(9x2 – 1) / (3x – 1) = 

Possible Answers:

3

3x – 1

3x

(3x – 1)2

3x + 1

Correct answer:

3x + 1

Explanation:

It's much easier to use factoring and canceling than it is to use long division for this problem. 9x2 – 1 is a difference of squares. The difference of squares formula is a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b). So 9x2 – 1 = (3x + 1)(3x – 1). Putting the numerator and denominator together, (9x2 – 1) / (3x – 1) = (3x + 1)(3x – 1) / (3x – 1) = 3x + 1.

Example Question #2561 : Sat Mathematics

If ab = –8, and a+ b2 = 20, then what is (a – b)2?

Possible Answers:

40

36

16

64

4

Correct answer:

36

Explanation:

First, let's expand (a – b)using the FOIL method. 

(a – b)(a – b) = a2 – ab – ba + b2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

The value of a+ b2 is already given to us. We can manipulate the equation ab = –8 to determine the value of –2ab. Multiply both sides of the equation by –2.

–2ab = 16

We will now substitute the values of –2ab and abto find the value of (a – b)2.

(a – b)(a – b) = a2 – 2ab + b= 16 + 20 = 36

The answer is 36.

Example Question #785 : Algebra

If 4x – 8y = 18, then what is the value of 4y – 2x?

Possible Answers:

18

–18

27

9

–9

Correct answer:

–9

Explanation:

We are told that 4x – 8y = 18, but we want to know the value of 4y – 2x. In order to do this, we want to manipulate the expression 4x – 8y until it looks like 4y – 2x. We want to go from 4x to –2x. In order to do this, we could divide both sides of the equation by –2. If we did this, then we would also go from –8y to 4y. In short, we can find the value of 4y – 2x if we divide both sides of the equation 4x – 8y = 18 by negative two.

4x – 8y = 18

\frac{4x-8y}{-2}=\frac{18}{-2}=-9

We can use the algebraic rule which states that \frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}, as long as c is nonzero. We will also use the fact that –a + b = b – a.

\frac{4x-8y}{-2}=\frac{4x}{-2}+\frac{-8y}{-2}=-2x+4y=4y-2x=-9

The answer is –9.

Example Question #2562 : Sat Mathematics

Let \log \ 3=0.477 and \log \ 2=0.301

Find \log \ 6.

Possible Answers:

0.602

0.778

0.114

0.954

0.176

Correct answer:

0.778

Explanation:

Using the multiplication property of logarithms we getlog\ (xy)=log\ x + log\ y

Knowing 6=2\times 3 we get

log\ 6=log\ 2+log\ 3\ or\ 0.778

Example Question #2563 : Sat Mathematics

The sum of the number of pennies and nickels equals 70 and the total dollar amount of the change equals $1.50. How many nickels and pennies are there?

Possible Answers:

10\ pennies,\ 60\ nickels

60\ pennies,\ 10\ nickels

None\ of\ the\ answers

20\ pennies,\ 50\ nickels

50\ pennies,\ 20\ nickels

Correct answer:

50\ pennies,\ 20\ nickels

Explanation:

Assume there are x pennies.  Hence the number of nickels is 70-x

Now you have to set up an equation for the dollar value of the pennies and nickels which will be x+5(70-x)=150

Now solving for x results in x=50 (number of pennies).  Hence the number of nickels will be 70-50=20.

Example Question #2564 : Sat Mathematics

If , then solve

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

To solve this problem we use the logarithm rule log (x^{n}) = n log(x)

log(32) = log (2^{5}) = 5 log(2) or

Example Question #2565 : Sat Mathematics

a=\frac{x^2-y^2}{x-y}

If both  and  are positive, what is the simplest form of ?

Possible Answers:

x^2-y^2-1

xy

1

x-y

x+y

Correct answer:

x+y

Explanation:

x^2-y^2 can also be expressed as (x-y)(x+y))

a=\frac{(x-y)(x+y)}{x-y}=x+y

Example Question #6 : How To Simplify Expressions

Which of the following does not simplify to ?

Possible Answers:

All of these simplify to

Correct answer:

Explanation:

5x – (6x – 2x) = 5x – (4x) = x

(x – 1)(x + 2) - x2 + 2 = x2 + x – 2 – x2 + 2 = x

x(4x)/(4x) = x

(3 – 3)x = 0x = 0

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