The Gettysburg Address is one of the most famous speeches in American history. It was given by President Lincoln in November 1863 at the commemoration of a battleground. The Address is famous for its brevity as well as its meaningfulness to Americans at the time and to this day.

Democracy in America was written by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835. The book was written after Tocqueville’s travels around America. The book was a consideration of the changes being wrought by the infant Industrial Revolution - changes in standards of living and relationships between the workers and the government, as well as the capitalist upper classes. Tocqueville believed that American capitalist society was extremely fluid, allowing for a great social movement between the rich and the poor.

The Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, was an 18th century political group that proposed a strong central federal government.

Reconstruction is the term used to refer to the period of time in the South immediately after the end of the Civil War and lasting for several decades. In the Reconstruction period the South was integrated back into American politics, social life, and economics. It was also a time of massive social change as freed slaves were either integrated or prevented from integration by discriminating laws.

The President of the Confederacy during the Civil War was Jefferson Davis.

The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the Civil War, in early April, 1861. It took placed at Fort Sumter in South Carolina where the Confederate forces attacked a Union base. The Battles of Marne and the Somme are both infamous battles of World War One, renowned for widespread death and bloodshed.

Sherman’s March to the Sea was a Union military campaign of the Civil War. Union troops, led by William Tecumseh Sherman, marched from Atlanta to Savannah, in Georgia, attacking civilian property, farmland, Confederate infrastructure, and supply lines. It is considered an important campaign in the history of the Civil War and in the history of military campaigns in general as an early example of a scorched-earth policy of warfare.

At the outbreak of Civil War, the industrial economy of the North was far more developed than the economy of the South, which was still a largely agrarian or plantation-based economy. The population of the North was much higher than the population of the South, and therefore the North had greater political influence. It is actually not true that the majority of people in the South owned slaves; it was a very small minority, but a prominent minority.

The Civil War was roughly divided evenly into sides of the North and the South, so any of these states that are Southern states would be Confederate states. This includes Virginia, Texas, North Carolina, and Georgia. Not listed but also Confederate states during the Civil War were Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Ohio would have been a Union state during the Civil War.

The Second Great Awakening was a revival of Protestant Christianity in the 1790s and early nineteenth century. It was particularly prominent in the formerly Puritan Northeast. The Second Great Awakening was a social movement that involved a return to religious teachings and guidance on Protestant way of life.