SAT II US History : U.S. Political History from 1790 to 1898

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT II US History

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Example Questions

Example Question #81 : U.S. Political History

Which of these Presidents did NOT serve in the armed forces in the Civil War?

Possible Answers:

Chester A. Arthur

Rutherford B. Hayes

James Buchanan

James A. Garfield

Ulysses S. Grant

Correct answer:

James Buchanan

Explanation:

In the decades immediately following the Civil War, the Republican Party held a monopoly on the White House and filled the Presidency with a number of Civil War veterans. Not all of these presidents served similarly. Grant was the final commander of all Union forces.  Garfield and Hayes both served admirably in the field, and Arthur was a quartermaster in the Union forces. Buchanan was a Democrat who was President 1856–1860, immediately preceding the Civil War.

Example Question #82 : U.S. Political History

The American, or Know Nothing, Party in American history was based around __________.

Possible Answers:

promotion of American expansion westward

opposition to the Mexican-American War

opposition to immigation

promotion of machine politics

opposition to slavery

Correct answer:

opposition to immigation

Explanation:

The American Party was formed in the 1850s, primarily among Northern cities. Their chief organizing principle was opposition to the recent influx of immigrants, particularly Irish immigrants fleeing the Famine in Ireland. In a time of constant division over slavery and westward expansion, the American Party focused strictly on opposition to immigration. Their nickname came from the supposed response of its members when they were asked if they were members, "I know nothing." By 1860, the Know Nothings became one of the cornerstones of the brand new Republican Party, along with Reform Whigs, Free Soil Democrats, and other smaller parties.

Example Question #61 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

The body that decided the controversial 1824 Presidential Election was __________.

Possible Answers:

the United States House of Representatives

the Congressional nominating caucus

State nominating conventions

the United States Senate

the United States Supreme Court

Correct answer:

the United States House of Representatives

Explanation:

The 1824 Presidential Election was the most convoluted and confusing elections in American History and was contested by four men, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, Speaker of the House Henry Clay, Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford, and military hero, former Governor and Senator from Tennessee Andrew Jackson. With this four way election, no man won enough votes for the Electoral College to decide the contest, and the election went to the United States House of Representatives, as provided by the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution. Only the top three vote getters were considered, ruling out Clay, who also had an animosity toward Jackson. Thus, despite Jackson receiving many more votes, winning more states, and having more electoral votes, John Quincy Adams was selected as President by the House.

Example Question #62 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

The first U.S. President to succeed another one upon his predecessors death was __________.

Possible Answers:

William Henry Harrison

Millard Fillmore

John Tyler

Andrew Johnson

Martin Van Buren

Correct answer:

John Tyler

Explanation:

William Henry Harrison, a former Senator from Ohio and noted Indian fighter, defeated President Martin Van Buren in the 1840 Presidential election, pledging to stop the ongoing economic depression and unifying the new Whig Party. During his Inauguration on March 4, 1841, Harrison refused to wear an overcoat, turned down a ride in a covered carriage, and gave the longest inaugural speech in U.S. History, despite the cold and damp weather in Washington. Within a month, Harrison had contracted Pneumonia, and on April 4, 1841 passed away. His Vice President John Tyler then took the oath of office as President. Many detractors only called Tyler the "interim President," as he was elected only Vice President, but Tyler set in place the precedent codified by the Twenty-Fifth Amendment in 1967.

Example Question #63 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

All of the following presidents died in office except __________.

Possible Answers:

James A. Garfield

James K. Polk

Zachary Taylor

William McKinley

William Henry Harrison

Correct answer:

James K. Polk

Explanation:

Only four Presidents have been assassinated, Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy. Other Presidents have died in office, and were succeeded by their Vice Presidents, including William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren Harding, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Many nineteenth-century Presidents served one term, often out of choice. Most notable of these was James Polk, who only served one term from 1845–1849, and left office after accomplishing many of his campaign goals.

Example Question #64 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

"The American System," which promoted railroads, internal improvements, and high tariffs, was the prime platform of __________.

Possible Answers:

John C. Calhoun

Martin Van Buren

Andrew Jackson

Abraham Lincoln

Henry Clay

Correct answer:

Henry Clay

Explanation:

"The American System," was the chief policy guide for the Whig Party during the Second Party System of the 1820s to the 1850s. First formulated by its chief spokesman, Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky, the American System advocated for a series of "internal improvements," in particular the building of railroads, canals, and other transportation networks. With this, the Whigs also sought a protectionist tariff and an economic populism.

Example Question #65 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

The Treaty of Greenville __________.

Possible Answers:

ended the Spanish-American War

ceded Mexican control of California to the United States

ceded Spanish control of Florida to the United States

ended the War of 1812

ceded Indian land in Ohio to the Federal government 

Correct answer:

ceded Indian land in Ohio to the Federal government 

Explanation:

The Treaty of Greenville was signed by American frontiersman and a collection of Native American peoples in 1795. The treaty established the “Greenville Line,” which served as a boundary between Native people and American and European settlers for several years; however, the settlers soon began to encroach on Native American land in direct violation of the treaty. 

Example Question #66 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

Which was the first state to ratify the Constitution?

Possible Answers:

Delaware

New Jersey 

Virginia 

New Hampshire 

New York 

Correct answer:

Delaware

Explanation:

Delaware was the first state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 7th, 1787. The last of the original thirteen states to ratify the Constitution was Vermont. 

Example Question #67 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

Which future American President fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe?

Possible Answers:

William Henry Harrison 

James Buchanan 

Andrew Jackson 

John Tyler

James K. Polk 

Correct answer:

William Henry Harrison 

Explanation:

The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought during the war between American settlers and Native American forces led by Tecumseh. William Henry Harrison, then governor of Indiana, led the American forces into conflict. It is generally considered to be a victory for the forces of the United States and it served as an important piece of personal propaganda for William Henry Harrison. He acquired the nickname "Tippecanoe," and when he ran for President the slogan “Tippecanoe, and Tyler too” greatly advanced his popularity with the common man. 

Example Question #68 : Facts And Details In U.S. Political History From 1790 To 1898

Which future American President led the massacre of the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend?

Possible Answers:

Zachary Taylor 

William Henry Harrison 

Andrew Jackson 

Ulysses Grant 

George Washington 

Correct answer:

Andrew Jackson 

Explanation:

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend was fought between American forces, led by Andrew Jackson, and their Native American allies against the Creek Indians. It is considered part of both the War of 1812 and the Creek War. The battle saw the complete massacre of the Creek forces and ultimately the surrender of the Creek war effort. 

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