SAT II Literature : Characterization and Motivation
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Literary Analysis Of British Poetry To 1660
Batter my heart (Holy Sonnet 14)
1 Batter my heart, three-person'd God; for you
2 As yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend;
3 That I may rise, and stand, o'erthrow me, and bend
4 Your force, to break, blow, burn, and make me new.
5 I, like an usurp'd town, to another due,
6 Labour to admit you, but O, to no end.
7 Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,
8 But is captived, and proves weak or untrue.
9 Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved fain,
10 But am betroth'd unto your enemy;
11 Divorce me, untie, or break that knot again,
12 Take me to you, imprison me, for I,
13 Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,
14 Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.
Throughout the poem, the poet seemingly demonstrates his interest in combining __________.
his reason with his lack of sentiment
violence with erotic love
spirituality with governance
love of the sacred and love of the earthly
his fear of God with his love of God
love of the sacred and love of the earthly
Throughout the poem, the poet seemingly demonstrates his interest in combining love of the sacred and love of the earthly, as he petitions God "Take me to you, imprison me, for I,/ Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,/ Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me" (line 12 - 14).
Example Question #11 : Characterization And Motivation
To what purpose, April, do you return again?
Beauty is not enough.
You can no longer quiet me with the redness
Of little leaves opening stickily.
I know what I know.
The sun is hot on my neck as I observe
The spikes of the crocus.
The smell of the earth is good.
It is apparent that there is no death.
But what does that signify?
Not only under the ground are the brains of men
Eaten by maggots,
Is nothing,
An empty cup, a flight of uncarpeted stairs.
It is not enough that yearly, down this hill,
April
Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers.
(1921)
Which line best exemplifies how April is characterized in the poem?
"The smell of the earth is good"
Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers
"It is apparent that there is no death"
"Not only under ground are the brains of men"
"Beauty is not enough"
Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers
The only line in which April is referred to directly is, as opposed to being asked a question, is the final line: "Comes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers."
Passage adapted from Edna St. Vincent Milay's "Spring" (1921).
Example Question #102 : Content
Based on the description of "Tim the ostler" in the fourth stanza, which of the following emotions will likely motivate his actions in the remainder of the poem?
Jealousy
Pity
Despondency
Love
Indignation
Jealousy
Although it is stated that Tim does love the landlord's daughter, it is clear from the description provided that that love is not returned. He is described as "white and peaked" with eyes that are "hollows of madness" and "hair like mouldy hay." The descriptions highlight the ugliness (inside and out) of this character, hinting that it will be an ugly emotion (jealousy) and not a positive one (love) that will motivate his actions. Jealousy is further suggested by the fact that Tim is watching the landlord's daughter kiss the highwayman, and by the contrast between the highwayman's glittering appearance and Tim's ugly one. There is no evidence in the provided text that pity, despondency, or indignation will motivate his actions.
Passage adapted from Alfred Noyes' "The Highwayman" (1906)
Example Question #12 : Characterization And Motivation: Poetry
- One day I wrote her name upon the strand,
- But came the waves and washed it away:
- Again I wrote it with a second hand,
- But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.
- Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay
- A mortal thing so to immortalize,
- For I myself shall like to this decay,
- And eek my name be wiped out likewise.
- Not so (quoth I), let baser things devise
- To die in dust, but you shall live by fame:
- My verse your virtues rare shall eternize,
- And in the heavens write your glorious name.
- Where whenas Death shall all the world subdue,
- Our love shall live, and later life renew.
It is reasonable to infer that the person to whom the poet is speaking believes _____________.
Death is frightening
No love lasts forever
The poet’s verses are not as powerful as he thinks
The poet is untrustworthy
There’s no such thing as immortality
There’s no such thing as immortality
The beloved, watching the waves erase her name written in the sand, tells the poet that he and his efforts are both “vain.” There’s no point in continuing to write her name, because the sea will always erase it, just as time erases every living thing: no one is immortal, including her. She says nothing to suggest that she fears death, that she distrusts the poet, or that she sees her erased name as a symbol of the impermanence of love. She might believe that the poet’s verses are not as powerful as he thinks, but the poem ends before she has a chance to say so.
Passage adapted from Edmund Spenser's "Sonnet 75" (1594)
Example Question #12 : Characterization And Motivation
(1) During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. (2) I know not how it was—but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. (3) I say insufferable; for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. (4) I looked upon the scene before me—upon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the domain—upon the bleak walls—upon the vacant eye-like windows—upon a few rank sedges—and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees—with an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after-dream of the reveller upon opium—the bitter lapse into every-day life—the hideous dropping off of the veil.
According to the speaker, why is the sight of this house so insufferable?
Because it is autumn when he sees the house
Because the house is in a terrible neighborhood
Because the house reminds him of his past
Because he sees the house after coming out of an opium dream
Because he cannot romanticize it
Because he cannot romanticize it
In sentence 3, we see a specific explanation for why the house is so insufferable: “the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible.” In other words, there isn’t a single redeeming feature of the house that can make the speaker appreciate the feelings of horror that arise in him.
Passage adapted from Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher,” (1839).
Example Question #2 : Characterization And Motivation: Prose
As I ponder'd in silence,
Returning upon my poems, considering, lingering long,
A Phantom arose before me with distrustful aspect,
Terrible in beauty, age, and power,
The genius of poets of old lands, (5)
As to me directing like flame its eyes,
With finger pointing to many immortal songs,
And menacing voice, What singest thou? it said,
Know'st thou not there is but one theme for ever-enduring bards?
And that is the theme of War, the fortune of battles, (10)
The making of perfect soldiers.
What can be surmised about the writer in this passage?
He is a pacifist
He is an agitator for war
He sees his poetry as important and timeless
He is defiant in response to advice about his poetry
He is frightened by his poetic muse
He sees his poetry as important and timeless
In line 9, the writer relays a message from the “Phantom”: “Know'st thou not there is but one theme for ever-enduring bards?” Since the writer has made the Phantom address himself with this question, it’s implied that the writer seems himself as one of these “ever-enduring bards.” In other words, the writer believes his own poetry to be significant and long lasting.
Passage adapted from Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself,” Leaves of Grass (1855).
Example Question #192 : Interpreting The Passage
Adapted from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891)
"Dorian," cried Hallward, "that is not the question. England is bad enough I know, and English society is all wrong. That is the reason why I want you to be fine. You have not been fine. One has a right to judge of a man by the effect he has over his friends. Yours seem to lose all sense of honor, of goodness, of purity. You have filled them with a madness for pleasure. They have gone down into the depths. You led them there. Yes: you led them there, and yet you can smile, as you are smiling now. And there is worse behind. I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word."
"Take care, Basil. You go too far."
"I must speak, and you must listen. You shall listen. When you met Lady Gwendolen, not a breath of scandal had ever touched her. Is there a single decent woman in London now who would drive with her in the park? Why, even her children are not allowed to live with her. Then there are other stories—stories that you have been seen creeping at dawn out of dreadful houses and slinking in disguise into the foulest dens in London. Are they true? Can they be true? When I first heard them, I laughed. I hear them now, and they make me shudder. What about your country-house and the life that is led there? Dorian, you don't know what is said about you. I won't tell you that I don't want to preach to you. I remember Harry saying once that every man who turned himself into an amateur curate for the moment always began by saying that, and then proceeded to break his word. I do want to preach to you. I want you to lead such a life as will make the world respect you. I want you to have a clean name and a fair record. I want you to get rid of the dreadful people you associate with. Don't shrug your shoulders like that. Don't be so indifferent. You have a wonderful influence. Let it be for good, not for evil. They say that you corrupt every one with whom you become intimate, and that it is quite sufficient for you to enter a house for shame of some kind to follow after. I don't know whether it is so or not. How should I know? But it is said of you. I am told things that it seems impossible to doubt. Lord Gloucester was one of my greatest friends at Oxford. He showed me a letter that his wife had written to him when she was dying alone in her villa at Mentone. Your name was implicated in the most terrible confession I ever read. I told him that it was absurd—that I knew you thoroughly and that you were incapable of anything of the kind. Know you? I wonder do I know you? Before I could answer that, I should have to see your soul."
"To see my soul!" muttered Dorian Gray, starting up from the sofa and turning almost white from fear.
"Yes," answered Hallward gravely, and with deep-toned sorrow in his voice, "to see your soul. But only God can do that."
A bitter laugh of mockery broke from the lips of the younger man. "You shall see it yourself, tonight!" he cried, seizing a lamp from the table. "Come: it is your own handiwork. Why shouldn't you look at it? You can tell the world all about it afterwards, if you choose. Nobody would believe you. If they did believe you, they would like me all the better for it. I know the age better than you do, though you will prate about it so tediously. Come, I tell you. You have chattered enough about corruption. Now you shall look on it face to face."
There was the madness of pride in every word he uttered. He stamped his foot upon the ground in his boyish insolent manner. He felt a terrible joy at the thought that someone else was to share his secret, and that the man who had painted the portrait that was the origin of all his shame was to be burdened for the rest of his life with the hideous memory of what he had done.
Based on Basil's words, in what way might Dorian's friends be contrasted before and after they get to spend time with him?
They go from having stable jobs to becoming unemployed.
They go from being cultured to being crass.
They go from being upright to being self-indulgent.
They go from being uncouth to being aware of the ways of high society.
The become immature after being mature.
They go from being upright to being self-indulgent.
A key text for this question is found in Basil's statement, "[Your friends] seem to lose all sense of honor, of goodness, of purity. You have filled them with a madness for pleasure." Indeed, it seems that Dorian's friends lose their "polish"—but it is above all a moral polish that they lose. It is not merely a matter of becoming immature or irresponsible. They lose all sense of purity and honor. Therefore, the best thing to say is that they go from being upright to being self-indulgent.
Example Question #1 : Characterization And Motivation: Prose
Adapted from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891)
"Dorian," cried Hallward, "that is not the question. England is bad enough I know, and English society is all wrong. That is the reason why I want you to be fine. You have not been fine. One has a right to judge of a man by the effect he has over his friends. Yours seem to lose all sense of honor, of goodness, of purity. You have filled them with a madness for pleasure. They have gone down into the depths. You led them there. Yes: you led them there, and yet you can smile, as you are smiling now. And there is worse behind. I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word."
"Take care, Basil. You go too far."
"I must speak, and you must listen. You shall listen. When you met Lady Gwendolen, not a breath of scandal had ever touched her. Is there a single decent woman in London now who would drive with her in the park? Why, even her children are not allowed to live with her. Then there are other stories—stories that you have been seen creeping at dawn out of dreadful houses and slinking in disguise into the foulest dens in London. Are they true? Can they be true? When I first heard them, I laughed. I hear them now, and they make me shudder. What about your country-house and the life that is led there? Dorian, you don't know what is said about you. I won't tell you that I don't want to preach to you. I remember Harry saying once that every man who turned himself into an amateur curate for the moment always began by saying that, and then proceeded to break his word. I do want to preach to you. I want you to lead such a life as will make the world respect you. I want you to have a clean name and a fair record. I want you to get rid of the dreadful people you associate with. Don't shrug your shoulders like that. Don't be so indifferent. You have a wonderful influence. Let it be for good, not for evil. They say that you corrupt every one with whom you become intimate, and that it is quite sufficient for you to enter a house for shame of some kind to follow after. I don't know whether it is so or not. How should I know? But it is said of you. I am told things that it seems impossible to doubt. Lord Gloucester was one of my greatest friends at Oxford. He showed me a letter that his wife had written to him when she was dying alone in her villa at Mentone. Your name was implicated in the most terrible confession I ever read. I told him that it was absurd—that I knew you thoroughly and that you were incapable of anything of the kind. Know you? I wonder do I know you? Before I could answer that, I should have to see your soul."
"To see my soul!" muttered Dorian Gray, starting up from the sofa and turning almost white from fear.
"Yes," answered Hallward gravely, and with deep-toned sorrow in his voice, "to see your soul. But only God can do that."
A bitter laugh of mockery broke from the lips of the younger man. "You shall see it yourself, tonight!" he cried, seizing a lamp from the table. "Come: it is your own handiwork. Why shouldn't you look at it? You can tell the world all about it afterwards, if you choose. Nobody would believe you. If they did believe you, they would like me all the better for it. I know the age better than you do, though you will prate about it so tediously. Come, I tell you. You have chattered enough about corruption. Now you shall look on it face to face."
There was the madness of pride in every word he uttered. He stamped his foot upon the ground in his boyish insolent manner. He felt a terrible joy at the thought that someone else was to share his secret, and that the man who had painted the portrait that was the origin of all his shame was to be burdened for the rest of his life with the hideous memory of what he had done.
Why does Basil want Dorian to change his life?
He fears the outcome of the dangerous life choices that Dorian is making.
He wants him to be a power for good in the world, not continue to cause and propagate wickedness.
He wishes to preach against all such immoral activities.
He sees that Dorian is on a spiral that is likely to end in death.
He wishes to help Dorian avoid being condemned by others who might notice the bad choices that he has been making.
He wants him to be a power for good in the world, not continue to cause and propagate wickedness.
In one place, Basil states, "I want you to have a clean name and a fair record. I want you to get rid of the dreadful people you associate with. Don't shrug your shoulders like that. Don't be so indifferent. You have a wonderful influence. Let it be for good, not for evil." Clearly, he wants his friend to have a "good name" and to be clean of all the moral corruption that he has made part of his life. After stating this, he is clear that he wants Dorian to stop having the bad influence discussed earlier in the passage and to replace such bad influence with good influence, for which Dorian has the power and ability.
Example Question #191 : Interpreting The Passage
Adapted from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891)
"Dorian," cried Hallward, "that is not the question. England is bad enough I know, and English society is all wrong. That is the reason why I want you to be fine. You have not been fine. One has a right to judge of a man by the effect he has over his friends. Yours seem to lose all sense of honor, of goodness, of purity. You have filled them with a madness for pleasure. They have gone down into the depths. You led them there. Yes: you led them there, and yet you can smile, as you are smiling now. And there is worse behind. I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word."
"Take care, Basil. You go too far."
"I must speak, and you must listen. You shall listen. When you met Lady Gwendolen, not a breath of scandal had ever touched her. Is there a single decent woman in London now who would drive with her in the park? Why, even her children are not allowed to live with her. Then there are other stories—stories that you have been seen creeping at dawn out of dreadful houses and slinking in disguise into the foulest dens in London. Are they true? Can they be true? When I first heard them, I laughed. I hear them now, and they make me shudder. What about your country-house and the life that is led there? Dorian, you don't know what is said about you. I won't tell you that I don't want to preach to you. I remember Harry saying once that every man who turned himself into an amateur curate for the moment always began by saying that, and then proceeded to break his word. I do want to preach to you. I want you to lead such a life as will make the world respect you. I want you to have a clean name and a fair record. I want you to get rid of the dreadful people you associate with. Don't shrug your shoulders like that. Don't be so indifferent. You have a wonderful influence. Let it be for good, not for evil. They say that you corrupt every one with whom you become intimate, and that it is quite sufficient for you to enter a house for shame of some kind to follow after. I don't know whether it is so or not. How should I know? But it is said of you. I am told things that it seems impossible to doubt. Lord Gloucester was one of my greatest friends at Oxford. He showed me a letter that his wife had written to him when she was dying alone in her villa at Mentone. Your name was implicated in the most terrible confession I ever read. I told him that it was absurd—that I knew you thoroughly and that you were incapable of anything of the kind. Know you? I wonder do I know you? Before I could answer that, I should have to see your soul."
"To see my soul!" muttered Dorian Gray, starting up from the sofa and turning almost white from fear.
"Yes," answered Hallward gravely, and with deep-toned sorrow in his voice, "to see your soul. But only God can do that."
A bitter laugh of mockery broke from the lips of the younger man. "You shall see it yourself, tonight!" he cried, seizing a lamp from the table. "Come: it is your own handiwork. Why shouldn't you look at it? You can tell the world all about it afterwards, if you choose. Nobody would believe you. If they did believe you, they would like me all the better for it. I know the age better than you do, though you will prate about it so tediously. Come, I tell you. You have chattered enough about corruption. Now you shall look on it face to face."
There was the madness of pride in every word he uttered. He stamped his foot upon the ground in his boyish insolent manner. He felt a terrible joy at the thought that someone else was to share his secret, and that the man who had painted the portrait that was the origin of all his shame was to be burdened for the rest of his life with the hideous memory of what he had done.
Contrast the characters of Dorian and Basil, as presented in this passage.
Dorian is aloof and amoral, while Basil is concerned and engaged.
Dorian is youthful and engaged, while Basil is overweening and prideful.
Dorian is immature, while Basil shows the wisdom of many years.
Dorian is bashful, while Basil is forward and pushy.
Dorian is wicked and destructive, while Basil is religious.
Dorian is aloof and amoral, while Basil is concerned and engaged.
Throughout this passage, Dorian is portrayed as being disconnected from the morally negative things attributed to him by Basil. While we might be able to say that he is wicked or immoral, it is best to note the milder critique that could be made, namely that Dorian seems detached from moral right and wrong. Basil accuses him of this, noting how Dorian smiles without caring about his critiques. Thus, it is best to note that Dorian is aloof and amoral (i.e. not particularly moral at all), while Basil is concerned with Dorian's moral well-being.
Example Question #192 : Interpreting The Passage
Adapted from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891)
"Dorian," cried Hallward, "that is not the question. England is bad enough I know, and English society is all wrong. That is the reason why I want you to be fine. You have not been fine. One has a right to judge of a man by the effect he has over his friends. Yours seem to lose all sense of honor, of goodness, of purity. You have filled them with a madness for pleasure. They have gone down into the depths. You led them there. Yes: you led them there, and yet you can smile, as you are smiling now. And there is worse behind. I know you and Harry are inseparable. Surely for that reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word."
"Take care, Basil. You go too far."
"I must speak, and you must listen. You shall listen. When you met Lady Gwendolen, not a breath of scandal had ever touched her. Is there a single decent woman in London now who would drive with her in the park? Why, even her children are not allowed to live with her. Then there are other stories—stories that you have been seen creeping at dawn out of dreadful houses and slinking in disguise into the foulest dens in London. Are they true? Can they be true? When I first heard them, I laughed. I hear them now, and they make me shudder. What about your country-house and the life that is led there? Dorian, you don't know what is said about you. I won't tell you that I don't want to preach to you. I remember Harry saying once that every man who turned himself into an amateur curate for the moment always began by saying that, and then proceeded to break his word. I do want to preach to you. I want you to lead such a life as will make the world respect you. I want you to have a clean name and a fair record. I want you to get rid of the dreadful people you associate with. Don't shrug your shoulders like that. Don't be so indifferent. You have a wonderful influence. Let it be for good, not for evil. They say that you corrupt every one with whom you become intimate, and that it is quite sufficient for you to enter a house for shame of some kind to follow after. I don't know whether it is so or not. How should I know? But it is said of you. I am told things that it seems impossible to doubt. Lord Gloucester was one of my greatest friends at Oxford. He showed me a letter that his wife had written to him when she was dying alone in her villa at Mentone. Your name was implicated in the most terrible confession I ever read. I told him that it was absurd—that I knew you thoroughly and that you were incapable of anything of the kind. Know you? I wonder do I know you? Before I could answer that, I should have to see your soul."
"To see my soul!" muttered Dorian Gray, starting up from the sofa and turning almost white from fear.
"Yes," answered Hallward gravely, and with deep-toned sorrow in his voice, "to see your soul. But only God can do that."
A bitter laugh of mockery broke from the lips of the younger man. "You shall see it yourself, tonight!" he cried, seizing a lamp from the table. "Come: it is your own handiwork. Why shouldn't you look at it? You can tell the world all about it afterwards, if you choose. Nobody would believe you. If they did believe you, they would like me all the better for it. I know the age better than you do, though you will prate about it so tediously. Come, I tell you. You have chattered enough about corruption. Now you shall look on it face to face."
There was the madness of pride in every word he uttered. He stamped his foot upon the ground in his boyish insolent manner. He felt a terrible joy at the thought that someone else was to share his secret, and that the man who had painted the portrait that was the origin of all his shame was to be burdened for the rest of his life with the hideous memory of what he had done.
What does Dorian mean to say about Basil in the selection underlined above?
Dorian's popularity far exceeds that of Basil's.
Basil has a mere intellectual knowledge of the culture, while Dorian knows it "from the inside."
Basil is quite behind the times, while Dorian is quite avant-garde.
Basil is wholly ignorant of the culture, while Dorian knows it well.
Dorian has many more friends in social circles than does Basil.
Basil has a mere intellectual knowledge of the culture, while Dorian knows it "from the inside."
Perhaps Basil is quite unpopular in the social circles of their age; however, we should not go beyond the immediate remarks in the passage. In this selection, Dorian states that Basil "prates tediously" about the current age. This means that he speaks about it endlessly, implying that he has a kind of tedious talker. Likely he has a kind of "bookish knowledge" about these matters, as opposed to the kind "experiences" that it seems Dorian has had (i.e. in the experiences leading to the corruption of which Basil accuses him).
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