In this sentence, pay attention to the fact that Julie’s notes are said to record every detail accurately and thoroughly. The focus, therefore, is on the amount and fullness of detail to be found therein. The best word that matches this sense is “copious,” which means abundantly supplied. The word is derived from the Latin “copia,” meaning plenty, abundance, or supply. At Thanksgiving, Americans often see pictures of “cornucopias” or “horns (cornu) of plenty (copia).”

Since people could lie to Fred rather easily, he must have been rather naïve and believing. Such a person could be called “credulous,” a word that means believing too easily. It is derived from Latin roots for "belief," founding related English words like “credible,” “credence,” and “incredible.”

Since Pio is utterly sapped of strength, he is likely unable to make “even” a very weak gesture. (The word “even” is an important intensifying word here.) Certainly, one might be tempted by the options that indicate an inability to perform a bodily gesture; however, the best option will be the one that indicates the profundity of his being sapped. The word “feeble,” meaning that one is lacking strength (often implying that this is because of sickness), best fits this need.

We know that "the knight was assigned guard duty," so we need to pick out an adjective that conveys this information. While "asleep" might make grammatical sense in the sentence, it doesn't make sense for the knight to be sleeping on the job, so "asleep" cannot be the correct answer. "Sentry," a word that when used in the phrase "stand sentry" means "keep guard or control access to a place," is the correct answer because it best fits the sentence's context.

Since thick liquids pour more slowly, we're looking for an adjective that means "thick". While "rarefied" and "attenuated" may each sound correct because they have to do with thickness or thinness, both are words that mean "thin." "Viscous," on the other hand, refers specifically to liquids and means "thick; sticky; having a relatively high resistance to flow," so "viscous" is the correct answer.

The sentence states that Thomas could not make the trip to Paris to speak unless he first defended his dissertation. Therefore, the trip depends upon the successful defense of the dissertation and is said to be “contingent upon it.” The word “contingent,” literally means “touching upon.” The “-tingent” portion is related to English words like “tactile” and “tangible.” The “con-” prefix means “with.” Therefore, something “contingent” can be said to “touch with something else” in the sense of sharing, for example, borders with it.

We can infer that because we are told that the subject's "outlook on life couldn't be ruined by anything" and that she "saw the bright side of any situation, no matter how bad or apparently hopeless," we need to pick out an adjective to describe this person that means something like "optimistic." "Pessimistic," then, cannot be the correct answer, because "pessimistic" is an adjective that means "tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen," making it an antonym of the word for which we are looking. "Sanguine," however, is an adjective that means "optimistic or positive, esp. in an apparently bad or difficult situation," and because "sanguine" best describes the attitude of the subject of the sentence, "sanguine" is the correct answer.

Since we know the advisor was nice to the princes in order to gain power, we're looking for an adjective that means something like "fawning." While "obsequious" and "ostentatious" sound quite similar, they have very different meanings: "ostentatious" means "characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice," while "obsequious" means "obedient or attentive to an excessive or servile degree," and is the correct answer.

The opposition implied here is that the college president has living quarters that are very simple in comparison with his office and reception area. When something is “austere,” it is severe, often used in the sense of meaning that something is severely limited or not abundant and comfortable. It is in this latter sense that we often use the word “austerity.”

Since fall is transitory in New England, the best answer choice is ephemeral or short in length.