The public’s perception of archaeologists has, for years, been colored by depictions of the profession in movie franchises like Indiana Jones, Tomb Raider, and The Mummy. However popular these movies are, they– like movies that depict any other profession – don’t necessarily reflect what archaeologists actually do. While fighting supernatural forces and foiling nefarious plans does make for a better movie, the primary work of archaeology is in research and preservation

The traditional view of archaeologists usually involves a college professor who spends much of his or her time digging and researching in ancient foreign libraries or a museum curator who works every day to preserve the artifacts the museum holds. While this view isn’t completely incorrect, it is incomplete, both in terms of the types of jobs available to archaeologists and in terms of the types of work within those jobs. For example, college professors may spend summers at dig sites, but much of their time is also spent writing grants, teaching students, and writing about their research projects. Additionally, although there are still many people who work in archaeology as professors and museum curators, the demand for these job far outstrips the number of positions available, making the positions difficult to acquire.

[1] The job of CRM archaeologists is to identify the potential cultural significance of a site and then document and preserve any artifacts of historical or cultural significance. [2] The surplus of people who want to work in archaeology has meant that the majority of archaeologists aren’t employed by universities or museums, but by construction companies and the government. 1 [3] Most archaeology positions in today’s economy are for what are referred to as a “cultural resource management” archaeologists, or CRM archaeologists, who are often involved in building projects as representatives of the state, Native American tribes, and historical societies. [4] While part of this analysis might involve starting a dig at the site in question to find relevant artifacts, much of this research process requires CRM archaeologists to consult historical records and talk to members of the community where the building process has been proposed. 

Global warming has affected so many cities across the globe. Between hurricanes, forest fires, rising sea levels, and recorded hot temperatures consistently rising, climate change has become hard to ignore. NASA scientists have observed how the sea levels have steadily increased by measuring the coastal tide gauges. Over the past 100 years, sea levels have risen dramatically, causing coastal erosion.

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Graph Source: https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/climate-change-in-ten-graphs

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The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others affects how an individual responds in an emergency situation. Typically, in large crowds, if there is an emergency, many people assume another person will take responsibility and deal with the situation. Several studies found that people were more likely to take action in a crisis when there were only a few people around than when in larger crowds. Social psychologists Bibb Latané and John Darley introduced the concept of the bystander effect following an infamous incident in New York City in 1964 when a young woman was injured outside of her apartment, and dozens of neighbors failed to step in and help, leading to the woman passing away. Many neighbors heard her pleas for help, but none assumed responsibility to assist. The two factors that can be attributed to the bystander effect are diffusion of responsibility and social influence. Diffusion of responsibility is when the more onlookers are present, the less personal responsibility the individual onlookers assume, therefore, failing to take action. Social influence is when individuals monitor the behavior of those around them to figure out how to react.

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The Baroque period derived its name from the Italian word barocco, which was used by philosophers used to describe an obstacle in logic. The word later came to describe anything that was an irregular idea or thought, coming to mean anything out of the ordinary or bizarre in the art style of the middle ages in Europe. The term had a grotesque connotation up until the late 19th century. The term eventually came to refer to the style of art, rather than a negative term that was originally associated with the word.

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Have you ever wondered if there was life on other planets? Did you know there are planets that have been discovered outside of our solar system? There are over 100 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, which is 100,000 light years across. The National Aeronautical and Space Association, or NASA, have confirmed 4,284 exoplanets. Many of the exoplanets that have been discovered are very different from those in our solar system. The first exoplanets were discovered in 1992 as two rocky planets orbiting around a pulsar in the Virgo constellation. Due to the fact that the planets are so close to their star, they are unable to support any potential organic life. The amount of exoplanets discovered since 1992 has had a steady, exponential increase, with the new exoplanet discoveries exceeding 100 a year in recent years.

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Aristotle is known to be one of the most influential philosophers in western civilization. Aristotle lived from 384 BCE - 322 BCE in Ancient Greece and his work shaped philosophy for centuries, influencing great minds up through the Renaissance. His works are still studied today. Aristotle wrote an estimated 200 works, mostly in manuscripts or drafts. Aristotle observed Poetics, which is the scientific study of writing poetry, especially tragedy and epic poetry. His work explored the idea of storytelling, plots, character development, and story lines. Aristotle also studied a form of ethics and morality known as Nicomachean Ethics which explores the idea that real-world circumstances affect individual morals and values.

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In 1918, there was a global pandemic of the H1N1 or Flu virus. The pandemic lasted over a year and killed over 20 million people globally. More people died from the flu in one year than died in four years of the bubonic plague in the middle ages. There was a second wave of cases in 1919 after the first world war, which caused the mortality rate of Americans to drop by 10 years.

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Microeconomics is the study of individual and business decisions while macroeconomics studies the decisions made by countries and governments which is on a much larger scale than microeconomics. Microeconomics focus on supply and demand as well as forces that determine price levels of products. Macroeconomics focuses on nation-wide economies as a whole as well as trades between goods and services between nations, such as the gross domestic product, or GDP.

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The following graph displays the relationship reflecting the causal connection between microeconomic and macroeconomics displayed over time. The dotted line expresses percent change in causation on microeconomics, the solid line, the percent change in causation on macroeconomics.

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Ska music is best known for its up-beats, horn music, and the classic checkerboard icons associated with the musicians. However, many people don’t know the history of ska music. It is Jamaica’s first indigenous urban pop style, blending jazz, rock, rhythm and blues, and Caribbean folk music. Emerging in the late 1950s from an early form of rhythm and blues in Jamaica, it quickly spread to Louisiana, incorporating more horn instruments such as the trombone, trumpet, and the French horn. The horns and pianos play the riffs on the offbeat. The most well-known technique in the ska guitar style is the guitar chop, typically upstrokes on the offbeat. The ska chop is credited to Ernie Ranglin, one of the pioneering ska musicians. Ska has had many different “waves” of popularity over the decades. The first wave began in the early 1960s; the second wave in the 1970s, gaining popularity in the UK and eventually melting in punk and pop influences with artists such as the Specials; the third wave came in the mid-1980s, this time taking over America; the fourth wave of ska took over the media in the mid to late 1990s with groups such as No Doubt, The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, and Reel Big Fish bringing ska to the mainstream.

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Coffee is one of the largest exports for many South American countries. In 2019, coffee exports by country totaled an estimated $30.1 billion US Dollars. Brazil had the highest percentage of total coffee exports with 15 %, Colombia followed behind with 8.7% of total coffee exports, and Switzerland had the third largest percentage of total coffee exports with 8.3%.

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