NCLEX-RN : General Biology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for NCLEX-RN
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Example Questions
Example Question #101 : General Biology
The endoderm forms which of the following tissue types?
The respiratory tract, the pancreas, and the nervous system
Epithelial linings, several endocrine organs, the bladder, and the respiratory tract
The liver and pancreas, the adrenal glands, and the kidneys
The endoderm forms all of these tissue types
Epithelial linings, several endocrine organs, the bladder, and the respiratory tract
The endoderm is the deepest (most proximal) germ layer of a developing embryo. It forms several endocrine glands including the pancreas, the thyroid, and the thymus. (the adrenal glands and kidneys, however, are derived from the mesoderm). It also forms the bladder and ureters, the respiratory tract, and the epithelial linings of the GI tract and auditory system.
The nervous system is derived from the ectoderm.
Example Question #102 : General Biology
Defects in the formation of what embryonic structure can result in spina bifida, anencephaly, or cleft lip or palate?
The cloaca
The neural tube
The bulbus cordis
The archenteron
The neural tube
Defects in the closure of the neural tube, a rudimentary precursor to the nervous system, can result in several serious conditions. Of these the most common are spina bifida and anencephaly. Cleft lip and cleft palate are also common defects of neural tube development. Defects in the cloaca and archenteron would affect gastrointestinal development, while the bulbus cordis is a part of the developing cardiovascular system.
Example Question #8 : Developmental Biology
At what gestational age can the fetal heartbeat be detected?
Week 5
Week 7
Week 8
Week 10
Week 7
The fetal heartbeat is generally first detected at 7 weeks. This can be monitored by ultrasound and auscultated. Fetal heartbeat is an important aspect of assuring fetal health through pregnancy.
Example Question #9 : Developmental Biology
The formation of the yolk sac happens at what week of embryonic development?
Week 4
Week 3
Week 1
Week 2
Week 4
The yolk sac is a membranous sac that provides nutrients to a developing embryo. It is generally visible via ultrasound by the 4th week of gestation.
Example Question #7 : Developmental Biology
Which of the following is not one of the three basic germ layers formed during embryonic development?
Trophoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Trophoderm
The three germ layers formed during embryonic development are the endoderm, the mesoderm, and the ectoderm. The trophoderm is not a germ layer; it is the membrane that forms the wall of the blastocyst in early embryonic development.
Example Question #101 : General Biology
Which of the following tissue types is derived from the ectoderm?
Skin, hair, and nails
Teeth
All of these are correct
Nervous tissue
All of these are correct
The ectoderm is the outer-most germ layer of a developing fetus. It forms the nervous system, teeth, skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, mouth, and anus.
Example Question #411 : Nclex
Which of the following tissue types is not derived from the mesoderm?
Thyroid
Red blood cells
Pericardium
Muscle cells
Thyroid
The mesoderm forms skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, connective tissue, the pericardium (in addition to several other membranous sacs such as the peritoneum) and red blood cells. It also gives rise to cartilage and bone, the dura mater, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands.
The thyroid is derived from the endoderm.
Example Question #102 : General Biology
Which of the following medications is known to have teratogenic effects?
Isotretinoin
Warfarin
All of these
ACE inhibitors
All of these
Multiple forms and classes of medication have been shown to cause birth defects. These include ACE inhibitors, anti-epileptics such as phenytoin and valproic acid, isotretinoin and other forms of high-dose vitamin A, and blood thinners such as warfarin, among others.
Example Question #102 : General Biology
Fertilization generally occurs in what location?
In the fundus of the uterus
In the body of the uterus
The distal two-thirds of the fallopian tube
In the fimbrae
The distal two-thirds of the fallopian tube
Fertilization happens in the fallopian tube, most frequently in the distal two-thirds of the tube.
Example Question #412 : Nclex
__________ is the fetal structure that allows approximately 20-30% of blood to bypass the liver and flow from the umbilical vein to the vena cava.
The ductus arteriosus
The ductus venosus
The umbilical vein
The foramen ovale
The ductus venosus
The ductus venosus is a small shunt that allows a portion of fetal blood to bypass the liver and flow from the umbilical vein to the vena cava. This allows more oxygenated blood to be available for the developing fetal brain.
The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale are both fetal cardiac shunts.
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