Rubeola is caused by the measles virus and is extremely contagious. Airborne precautions must be used when measles are suspected. Patients who are affected by measles may exhibit a high fever, cough, conjunctivitis and a rash among many other symptoms. Contraction of measles may be prevented by administration of MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) through vaccination. Human herpesvirus include a family of related viruses of which varicella/zoster virus (causes chicken pox and shingles) is a member. Parvovirus B19 may cause fifth disease, among other conditions. Coxsackievirus A16 causes hand food mouth disease.

Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. It is a vector-borne disease that is contracted secondary to the bite of an infected tick. Administration of antibiotics is crucial to recovery. Standard precautions are adequate. Restricting fluids, diet, or activity is not necessary. 

Constipation is a common complaint in children. Encopresis occurs when children are incontinent of fecal matter after toilet training. Often, a child will leak stool surrounding a large fecal mass that has hardened in the rectum. Giving a child an enema may help to clear the mass and restore bowel function. Constipation should be avoided through exercise, high-fiber diet, and adequate liquid ingestion.

Tenderness over McBurney's point (one-third the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the navel) may indicate appendicitis. This should be treated as a surgical emergency and the child should be taken to the emergency room. Other symptoms of appendicitis include nausea, vomiting, fever, and frequent soft stools.

All of the above are viral illnesses commonly found in children. Rubella may be referred to as "german measles" and is spread through droplets. The disease is generally mild, presenting with a rash that typically lasts around three days. Maternal rubella may spread to the fetus and cause severe complications.

Rubeola, also known as measles, is highly contagious and is caused by the measles virus. Chicken pox is caused by the herpes zoster (varicella) virus. Hand foot mouth disease is a viral disease caused by coxsackievirus A16. Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19 and presents with bright red rashes on the cheeks and other parts of the body.

Intussusception occurs when a portion of the bowel is pushed into another portion. It most commonly affects children under the age of two. Red currant jelly stools (stool mixed with blood and mucus) vomiting, and pain are common symptoms. Red currant jelly stools are a hallmark of intussusception. Pyloric stenosis generally causes reflux post feeding and encopresis affects children who have already been toilet trained. Hernias are rare in young patients. Encopresis refers to involuntary fecal soiling in children who are already toilet-trained, and does not involve abnormal stool, such as currant-jelly characterization.

Exercise intolerance is a typical clinical finding in pediatric patients with aortic stenosis. This condition may present with any of the other symptoms but mania, excessive sweating, and epigastric pain are not directly associated with aortic insufficiency in this population.

Parvovirus B-19 causes fifth's disease, sometimes referred to as "slapped cheek syndrome," due to the bright-red cheeks that often present with the infection. Scarlet fever is caused by group A streptococcus infection. Roseola infantum is caused by either human herpesvirus 6 or human herpesvirus 7. Rubeola, or measles, is caused by the measles virus.

Varicella, caused by an infection with the varicella zoster virus, has an incubation period of 10-21 days. 

The most common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease in the United States is coxsackievirus A16. Enterovirus 71 can also cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, though it is a less common etiology. Parvovirus b19 causes Fifth disease, sometimes referred to as "slapped cheek syndrome." Human herpesvirus 6 is one of two viruses that cause roseola infantum.