Meconium is a sticky, dark-green to black stool that is the first stool passed by neonates after birth. It is composed of the content of the infant's digestive tract before it has begun drinking milk - primarily water, mucus, bile, lanugo, and intestinal epithelial cells. A newborn that has begun to feed on breastmilk or formula should pass a normal stool (yellow to mustard-green and creamy rather than sticky) within 24 hours.

Infants younger than 6 months may have trouble sleeping for long periods of time because they awaken from hunger. Their stomachs are not yet large enough to hold enough nourishment to keep them asleep during the night. After 6 months, it is more appropriate to let babies cry themselves and put themselves to sleep, but before 6 months, it is not recommended. The other actions are appropriate: infants should sleep on their backs to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), babies should be interacted with frequently, breastmilk is recommended exclusively for the first 6 months, and swaddling the child is important because the infant cannot sleep in loose blankets.

Follow the ABC's of nursing priority: airway, breathing, circulation. It is most most important for the nurse to maintain a patent airway, as the symptoms manifested suggest an anaphylactic reaction. Epinephrine may be given after the airway is established. Oral diphenhydramine is usually given for mild allergic reactions. The physician may be contacted later; patient safety is the priority.

Buddhists will want time for meditation, and may refuse medications that alter awareness. A shrine to Buddha may be placed in the client's room.

Elderly patients may suffer from bowel problems like constipation due to lower motility in the gastrointestinal tract. The nurse should advise this client to exercise daily (to increase blood flow to the GI tract), stay hydrated (to prevent hard, dry stools), eat more fiber (such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, and beans), and stay away from milk and cheese (as lactose sensitivity is common and may be a cause of constipation or bloating). This patient should not take laxatives each time a bowel movement is expected; reliance on laxatives is not recommended because it can desensitize the bowel and make constipation worse.

Anxiety, nausea, and vomiting are common symptoms of opium withdrawal.

Yawning, cramps, and diarrhea are common signs of heroin withdrawal.

All of the drugs listed are considered to be CNS depressants. While generally classified as a psychedelic, marijuana has multiple central depressant effects such as sedation and muscle relaxation. Also, alcohol is another commonly used depressant. 

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by a severe deficiency in thiamine, often seen in severe alcohol dependency. It is characterized by visual disturbances, ataxia, and altered consciousness. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a genetic disorder causing developmental disability and may involve seizures. Lewy body dementia is associated with Parkinson's disease. Agnosia is a neurological disorder causing impaired ability to process sensory information.

All of the items listed are part of the DSM V criteria for substance abuse. In addition, the individual's symptoms must not qualify for substance dependence and recurrent substance-related legal problems are other DSM V criteria for substance abuse.