Calcitonin lowers plasma calcium, while parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases it. Insulin and glucagon are responsible for blood glucose, not calcium.

The polysaccharides from the meal will be digested down into glucose by various enzymes in the digestive track. That glucose will be absorbed in the small intestine and travel into the bloodstream. This increase in blood glucose will cause a release of insulin to allow for tissue to take up the glucose and use it for energy. In this individual's blood, we would expect insulin to be higher than normal.

Conversely, when little blood glucose is present, glucagon is released to break down glycogen and fat into glucose that is needed for energy. Gastrin, while also involved in digestion, is closely linked to the release of hydrochloric acid, which activates pepsin to digest proteins. Gastrin is not linked to the digestion of carbohydrates and polysaccharides.

Oxytocin is not involved in digestion.

Aldosterone is a mineralcorticoid, meaning that it is released by the adrenal cortex, not the anterior pituitary.

Mineralcorticoids are also steroids, and are able to cross the cell membrane due to their lipophilic nature. Both aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increase blood volume by acting on different regions of the nephrons in the kidney. Finally, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do decrease the secretion of aldosterone, since aldosterone is activated by the renin-angiotensin system and the inhibitors block a vital conversion step in this chain.

Progesterone is responsible for maintaining the uterine environment during pregnancy. In contrast, estrogen is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics, and luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone help stimulate follicle growth, ovulation, and estrogen production.

Estrogen is produced by the combination of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the ovaries. Estrogen is responsible for causing the luteinizing hormone surge through positive feedback (one of the only examples of positive feedback in endocrine biology) and the growth of the female sex organs.

Progesterone is responsible for preparing and maintaining the uterus for pregnancy.

Growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is responsible for increased metabolism and cell growth. Growth hormone increases glucose and free fatty acid levels in the blood, increasing substrates for metabolism for other cells in the body.

Under normal conditions, spermatogenesis is somewhat inhibited. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone can act to overcome this inhibition and promote sperm development. Testosterone, however, is produced in the testes, not the anterior pituitary.

Oxytocin is responsible for milk secretion in women. Notice that prolactin is responsible for milk production, but oxytocin is responsible for milk secretion. Oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for contractions during pregnancy and milk secretion.

The mineralocorticoid aldosterone is stimulated by the renin-angiotensin system of the kidney when blood volume falls. Aldosterone acts at the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney to increase sodium reabsorption, thus raising sodium levels in the blood and lowering sodium levels in the urine. Aldosterone also increases potassium excretion, thus causing low levels of potassium in the blood. The overall retention of sodium draws water from the filtrate into the blood, causing increased blood pressure by increasing blood volume.

Cortisol secretion, stimulated from the adrenal cortex by adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary, is responsible for protecting against hypoglycemia and hypotension. Cortisol increases blood glucose, increases blood free fatty acids by stimulating lipolysis, and increases breakdown of muscle proteins. The net result is more substrate to undergo glycolysis and the citric acid cycle during periods of poor nutrition and starvation.

Cortisol does not elevate sex hormone levels. Evolutionarily, it is disadvantageous to produce offspring during times of stress or poor nutrition.