Whenever someone uses someone else, often employing unjust tactics, this person "exploits" that other person. In this sentence, the owner clearly is misusing his employees in this way. By making them work long hours without pay and also sleep on the premises, he is getting benefits from them without justly giving them what is due to them. This is an example of exploitation.

The word "merely" helps to indicate that the child must have "really" loved his mother. It hints that there is an intensification of the word "love" expressed in the second half of the sentence. Whenever we "adore" something or someone, we love that thing greatly. Often, this word is used to describe the kind of love and worship that is expressed in religion; however, it can also simply mean to love greatly.

In general, you might find it easiest to interpret this sentence as saying that Filbert was finding it difficult to calculate the amount that he should tip; however, we do not have that as an option. The word "compute" is a fine synonym for "calculate." A "computer" gets its name from its ability to perform mathematical calculations. Put another way, we can say that a computer is able to "compute." That is what Filbert is trying to do—all the math to figure out how much he should tip.

The important thing to notice is that the building fell "inward." Therefore, its destruction definitely was not caused by an explosion—at least from what we can tell. Now, when we "internalize" something, we take it "within ourselves." Some people will "internalize" anger, getting a sore stomach instead of expressing their frustrations. This is not really a word for the destruction of a building, however. Instead, the best word is "implode." This is a kind of destruction that happens when something collapses inwardly. The "im-" prefix indicates that the direction is inward instead of outward (as in the prefix "ex-" in "explode.")

The implication of the sentence is just that Milton began to understand the plight of the ducks in his town. When we perceive something, we come to understand it or to "see" it. So, you could say, "I could perceive that Georgette was angry." This means that you could "sense" or "see" that she was angry.

This sentence implies that Reginald couldn't completely disprove the arguments. He was only able to show reasons that they were crazy. When we "refute" something, we show why it is totally wrong or incorrect. Generally, we talk about refuting an argument or a viewpoint. 

All that we know in this sentence is that the king wants the knight to leave the hall and go back to his other duties. We do not know how this happened or even if it was a punishment. Therefore, the best option is the simple word "dismissed," which means to send away. The "dismissal" at the end of the school day is the time when the students are "sent away home." Clearly, these words are related.

The whole point of the sentence is that the man's very long name was written in a shorter form. When we write something in a shorter form like this, we "abbreviate" it. The word "abbreviate" is related to "brief," meaning short. An abbreviation is a shortened form.

Really, all this sentence is stating is that it was necessary to keep extra food in the house. It is not talking about the actual buying of the food—that will be done elsewhere. Therefore, the simple verb "store" is the best option  It means "to keep a supply of something." Actually, we call the places we go shopping "stores" because they are places that keep large supplies of items.

The key clue for this question is the fact that the scientist is working to remove all of the harmful substances in the fluid. This does not mean that he wants to "liquefy" it—it is already a liquid! Also, while he is minimizing the additives, this is not quite the same as saying that he is removing them. When we remove additives or other "extra" material from a substance, we purify that substance. That is what he is doing. Do not be tricked by "scrub." Scrubbing is a physical kind of cleaning that is very particular. It is not a synonym for the general act of purifying.