Human Anatomy and Physiology : Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for Human Anatomy and Physiology
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Help With Evaluation Methods For The Endocrine System
Calcitonin may be used therapeutically for the treatment of what condition(s)?
Hypoparathyroidism only
Osteoporosis only
Hyperparathyroidism only
Hypothyroidism only
Osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism
Osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism
Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts and can be used therapeutically for treatment of osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism. Osteoclasts are responsible for removing "old bone". Osteoporosis may occur when the removal of "old bone" is greater than the creation of "new bone". By inhibiting osteoclasts, the bone is able to create "new bone" at a faster rate. Similarly, hyperparathyroidism is likely to cause hypercalcemia, which is in part due to the activation of osteoclasts. Thus, calcitonin may be used to take blood calcium levels back down to baseline.
Example Question #1 : Help With Evaluation Methods For The Reproductive System
What are the palpable landmarks for identifying the borders of the perineum in both men and women?
Ischial tuberosity, inferior pubic ligament, coccyx, posterior superior iliac spine
Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosity, coccyx
Anterior inferior iliac spine, coccyx, pubic symphysis
Posterior superior iliac spine, coccyx, pubic symphysis
Posterior inferior iliac spine, coccyx, pubic symphysis
Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosity, coccyx
The four palpable landmarks for identifying the borders of the perineum are the pubic symphysis, coccyx, and the ischial tuberosities (one in each side). These landmarks are found in both males and females, although the perineum area is larger in women due to the wider pelvic opening.
Posterior superior and inferior iliac spines lie beyond the area of the perineum, and therefore are not used as landmarks for this identification purpose.
Example Question #21 : Endocrine And Reproductive Systems
A physician sees a woman who was sexually assaulted and decides to perform some tests. Which of these substances provides a forensic determination for the occurrence of rape?
Maltose
Glucose
Sucrose
Fructose
Fructose
A man's ejaculate contains seminal fluid. Seminal vesicles produce the alkaline portion of seminal fluid, which contains fructose and choline. Thus, the presence of fructose on or inside the female patient would provide forensic evidence of rape.
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