The bone that forms the shin is the tibia. This is palpable along the anterior surface of the lower limb. The fibula is also located in the lower leg, but is not part of the prominent ridge felt on the front of the leg, as it is deep. The femur is the bone found in the thigh. The mandible is the jaw bone.

Sesamoid bones form inside tendons and/or muscles. They help ease the movement of a tendon past the bone, prevent deformation when the tendon is taut, and can also increase the force the tendon can pull by acting like a pulley. Examples of sesamoid bones are the patella in the knee and the sesamoid bones of the foot.

Long bones have a body that is longer than it is wide (such as the femur, humerus, and phalanges). It consist of a tubular shaft (diaphysis) with growth plates (epiphyses) at either end. The shaft is composed of a hard outer surface of compact bone with a spongy interior (cancellous bone) that contains bone marrow. 

Long bones have a body that is longer than it is wide (such as the femur, humerus, and phalanges), with growth plates (epiphysis) at either end. The have a hard outer surface of compact bone and a spongy interior known as cancellous bone (contains bone marrow). Both ends of the bone are covered in hyaline cartilage to help protect the bone and decrease friction.

The calcaneus is the heel bone and generally strikes the ground first in a normal walking gate. It is the most posterior bone in the foot. The achilles tendon attaches to it posteriorly.

The popliteal fossa is part of the femur. The lateral supracondylar line is also part of the femur. The soleal line is part of the tibia. The the subclavian groove is part of the clavicle and is an attachment site for the subclavius muscle.

The third cuneiform articulates with the navicular, second cuneiform, cuboid, and second, third, and fourth metatarsals.

The linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, and adductor tubercle are all landmarks found on the femur. The linea aspera is an attachment site for the adductor muscle group and the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. A portion of the gluteus maximus attaches to the gluteal tuberosity. The adductor magnus attaches to the adductor tubercle. The soleal line is part of the tibia and serves as an attachment site for the soleus muscle.

The metacarpals are analogous to the metatarsals of the foot and make up the body of the hand between the wrist and the projection of the fingers. The carpals are the eight wrist bones. The tarsals and metatarsals make up the ankle and the body of the foot, respectively. The phalanges are the bones of the fingers and toes.

The only correct statement in the answer choices is "The fibula is located laterally to the tibia."

The other statements are incorrect for the following reasons:

1) The femur is located distally to the tibia.

The femur is located proximally to the tibia, not distally.

2) The scapula is located anteriorly to the clavicle.

The scapula is located posteriorly to the clavicle, not anteriorly.

3) The calcaneus is located proximally to the fibula.

The calcaneus is located distally to the fibula, not proximally.

4) The manubrium is located inferiorly to the sternum.

The manubrium is located superiorly to the sternum, not inferiorly.